manufacture of newsprint. Gradually, and with 

 much opposition, balsam was admitted in mix- 

 ture with spruce, until now it is accepted in 

 practically unlimited quantities. 



A Substitute for Spruce 



The despised Jack Pine is now suggested as 

 a substitute for spruce, and the research depart- 

 ments of several of the progressive pulp and 

 paper organizations have established the fact 

 that it is quite feasible to use Jack Pine in 

 either sulphite or groundwood processes of pulp 

 manufacture. Laboratory investigations have 

 disclosed the fact that the fibres of Jack Pine 

 are longer than the fibres of spruce, and that the 

 amounts of fats, resins, and waxes hitherto 

 assumed to be detrimental, are not sufficient 

 to preclude its use as sulphite pulp. It requires, 

 however, a stronger acid and a longer cooking 

 than other species and must, therefore, be 

 manufactured separately. In the mechanical or 

 groundwood process, it will make just as good, 

 if not better, a pulp than any on the market. 



A utilization of Canada's extensive Jack 

 Pine resources will materially prolong the life 

 of the pulp and paper industry in the Dominion, 

 and defer the necessity of leaving the older limits 

 near transportation and other facilities. Though 

 information on the Jack Pine supplies of Eastern 

 Canada is meagre, it is sufficient to estimate 

 the available resources of pulp wood at not less 

 than 60,000,000 cords. 



Facilitate Exploitation of other Woods 



In the Prairie Provinces, there is probably 

 about 120,000,000 cords, and in British Columbia 

 more than 20,000,000 cords of lodgepole pine, 

 which is closely related to the Jack Pine of the 

 east. In addition there are large areas of Jack 

 Pine and lodgepole pine, which will reach 

 merchantable size within a comparatively short 

 time. An important point of survey is that the 

 utilization of Jack Pine as pulp wood will 

 facilitate the exploitation of spruce and other 

 species in places where there is not sufficient 

 of the latter alone to warrant logging operations, 

 and this should, in a large extent, reduce wastage. 



There are many qualities of the Jack Pine 

 which recommend it for a continuous forest 

 crop. It is extremely hardy and grows on the 

 poorest soils. It reproduces more prolifically 

 than any other conifer in Eastern Canada as is 

 evidenced by the way it replaces other woods 

 following cutting or fire. It grows rapidly, 

 and under natural conditions will attain pulp- 

 wood size in a shorter time than spruce or balsam, 

 These properties, since the discovered value of 

 the wood in the pulp and paper industry, would 

 suggest an extensive use of the Jack Pine in 

 reforestation, as well as the utilization of the 

 Dominion's substantial standing resources. 



Departmental Publications 



Any of the following publications will be sent free on request. 

 Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. A descriptive 

 statistical booklet on the three prairie provinces with 

 full information on the West. 



The Western Provinces of Canada. Booklet devoted to 

 history, progress, development, and possibilities of 

 Western Canada. 



The Park Lands of Central Alberta. Descriptive of 

 the area tributary to the Calgary and Edmonton line 

 of the Canadian Pacific Railway in Alberta. History, 

 description of soils, development, lands open for settle- 

 ment, and information for settlers. 



Irrigation Farming in Sunny Alberta. Full descrip- 

 tion of Alberta's irrigated lands, their progress, 

 production and possibilities. 



Improved Farms in Eastern Canada. Lists of unoc- 

 cupied farms in Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and 

 Nova Scotia, together with area, adaptability and prices. 

 List of Improved Farms in the Annapolis Valley.^ 

 Index to farm openings in the beautiful Nova Scotia 

 valley, extent of holdings, and prices. 

 Business and Industrial Openings In Western 

 Canada. Full listings of industries existing and 

 business openings in the provinces of Western Ontario, 

 Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Albertaand British Columbia. 

 Canadian Pacific Reserve Farm Lands In Lloyd- 

 minster and Battleford Districts. Information of 

 Canadian Pacific lands in these districts, history, 

 farming information, progress, and possibilities. 

 What Some Settlers Have Done in Western Canada. 

 Stories told by settlers from many -lands, of the 

 success they have achieved on Western lands. 

 Canada's System of Government. Canadian govern- 

 ment briefly outlined to portray its democratic traits. 

 The Story of Canadian Nickel. History of the nickel 



mining industry. 



Canadian Oil Exploitation and Prospects. An 

 expert engineer^ history of Canadian oil development 

 and future possibilities. 



Canadian Water Power Development. Authoritative 

 and exhaustive survey of water power reserves and 

 possible development. 



Paper Pulp from Flax Straw. An investigation en- 

 gineer shows the possibility of the development of a 

 new industry in the West. 



A Canadian Grain Handling Plant. How Canadian 

 grain is stored and shipped. Authoritative article on 

 Canadian elevators. 



Value of a Settler to Canadian Railroads. Computa- 

 tion from reliable statistics of a farming settler's 

 revenue-producing worth to Canadian railroads. 

 Returned Soldier Land Settlement Scheme. Details 

 of settlement conditions of returned soldiers on the 

 Company's lands in Western Canada. 

 Bituminous Sands of the Athabasca Region. Des- 

 cription with known values, and possibilities of devel- 

 ment of the widely known tar sands of Northern Alberta. 

 The New Canadian Oil Field. Dealing with the 



Arctic oil region of the new strike. 



Water Powers of the Mari times. Authoritative 

 article on the undeveloped power systems of the 

 Eastern provinces. 

 Water Powers of Manitoba. The water powers of this 



province dealt with exhaustively. 

 Oleomargarine. History of oleomargarine in Canada 



and its future prospects. 



Synopses of Natural Resources. Forty-five pamphlets 

 dealing briefly but concisely with Kaolin or China 

 Clay, Oil Shales, Mica, Fluor-spar, Asbestos, Molyb- 

 denum, Magnesite, Fruit, Flax Fibre, Nickel, Coal, 

 Clays, Salt, Copper, Zinc, Silver, Gold, Pyrites, Iron, 

 Potash, Talc, Feldspar, Platinum, Phosphate (apatite), 

 Manganese, Graphite, Cement, Barytes, Gypsum, 

 Irrigation, Petroleum and Natural Gas, Corundum, 

 Sulphates of Sodium and Magnesium, Timber and 

 1'ulpwood, Fish, Fur, Peat, Grazing Lands, Mineral 

 Waters, Building and Ornamental Stone, Whaling, 

 Sealing, Wheat, Oats and Barley, and Water Power*. 



39 



