Assisted by Colonization Agent 



Another action towards the same end is an 

 inauguration during the year of the appointment 

 of a Colonization Agent by the Department of 

 Colonization and Development. This agent 

 meets all vessels and renders every possible 

 assistance to travellers, with their baggage, 

 answering questions, giving information on the 

 wide variety of subjects demanded, and gener- 

 ally advising on the new life they are about 

 to take up under conditions strange to many of 

 them. 



With the closing of the summer season and 

 the inception of Atlantic voyages terminating 

 at St. John, the C.P.O.S. instituted a Marconi 

 wireless service of purely Canadian news to their 

 vessels on the seas. Whilst the news report 

 supplied in the past by English and American 

 stations will be continued, the addition of 

 bulletins of solely Canadian items keeps Cana- 

 dian travellers and others interested in Canadian 

 development in close touch with daily changes. 



The C.P.O.S., which has had such a busy 

 record season, is prepared for the still greater 

 rush presaged in the spring from European 

 countries, more especially from the British Isles. 



A further extension of the Company's opera- 

 tions which the opening of the summer navi- 

 gation season on the St. Lawrence will see 

 inaugurated is a Canadian-Italian service. An 

 arrangement has been entered into with the 

 Navigazione Generate Italiana which provides 

 for a direct service from Montreal in the 

 summer and St. John in the winter to Genoa 

 and Naples the latter to be the terminal 

 port. The Italian company will employ one 

 of their finest passenger ships on the route, 

 in conjunction with a German vessel which 

 has recently been acquired by the C.P.O.S., 

 to be re-named the " Montreal." Third-class 

 travel between this country will be revived by 

 the service, and arrangements for immigrants 

 will be made at the Italian ports as well as in 

 Montreal, where accommodation for one thou- 

 sand such passengers will be provided. 



The passenger tonnage on the Atlantic at the 

 end of the late summer season was about 155,500. 

 This is to be increased in the opening months 

 of the new summer season by the addition of the 

 "Montcalm" and "Montrose," each of 16,200 

 tons, 566 feet long, 70 feet broad, and a speed of 

 163/2 knots. 



Hydro-Electric Power in Ontario 



By W. L. Edwards, Dept. Public Information, Ottawa. 



The absence of coal-bearing strata from the geological 

 structures of the Province of Ontario has, to some extent, 

 been compensated for by the natural distribution of num- 

 erous lakes and rivers from which hydro-electric energy 

 could be derived. One has but to glance at a map of the 

 province to note the distribution of these lands and 



rivers so widespread that there is scarcely any consider- 

 able area in Ontario beyond transmission reach of hydro- 

 electric power. 



To describe in detail the various rivers within the 

 Province of Ontario capable of generating hydro-electric 

 power would be to expand this article to the t proportions 

 of a book. A brief reference, however, to the more out- 

 standing of these rivers will be sufficient to obtain a fairly 

 good conception of the enormous water power resources 

 of the province. 



A Potential Source of Power 



From a practical standpoint, the Niagara river comes 

 first in importance as a potential source of hydro-electric 

 power concentrated at one point and advantageously 

 situated as regards centres of population and industrial 

 development. It has an inflow from Lake Erie of 210,000 

 cubic feet of water per second, from which the potential 

 possibilities on the Canadian side are 1,500,000 h.p. of 

 hydro-electric energy. 



Though, perhaps, second to Niagara as regards 

 practical consideration of development, the St. Lawrence 

 river has actually greater potential power units, approxi- 

 mating in all some 2,000,000 h.p. within the province. 



The Ottawa river, which in itself is capable, between 

 Lake Temiskaming and Carillon, of developing 600,000 

 h.p., and with its tributaries 688,000, is third in order of 

 importance. 



The estimate of the Dominion Conservation Com- 

 mission of a minimum aggregate capacity of 665,000 h.p. 

 for the rivers of Ontario entering James Bay, would rank 

 that district fourth in order of importance. Then there 

 follows that part of the Montreal river within the province, 

 with water powers capable of developing 250,000 h.p.; 

 rivers tributary to Lake Superior capable of 195,000 h.p.; 

 rivers tributary to Lake Huron, with a potential capacity 

 of 166,000 h.p.; rivers on the Hudson Bay slope, 250,000 

 h.p.; three undeveloped sites on the French river, each 

 capable, with storage at Lake Nipissing, of developing 

 10,000 h.p., and the Trent river, with its tributaries, 

 75,000 h.p. 



Hydro-Electric Power Installed 



Thirty years ago, all that the Dominion could boast 

 of possessing in hydro-electric power installed was 4,500 

 h.p. Up to the beginning of January, 1920, according to 

 figures compiled by the Bureau of Statistics at Ottawa, 

 the Province of Ontario has plants installed capable of 

 producing 1,015,725 h.p. for hydro-electric energy, or rather 

 more than 42 per cent, of the total for the Dominion as a 

 whole. Compared with population, it means 369 h.p. for 

 every one thousand of the inhabitants of the province. 



A most important feature in connection with this 

 1,015,725 h.p. is that, for certain purposes, it may be 

 estimated as approximately equal to 20,000,000 tons of 

 coal. As the plants under actual construction will bring 

 the installed hydro-electric power up to about 1,500,000 

 h.p., it follows, without even taking into account future 

 new enterprises, that the Province of Ontario will within 

 the next year or two have in operation hydro-electrical 

 power equivalent to 30,000,000 tons of coal. This figure 

 is one-third in excess of the average tonnage of coal 

 imported annually during the last few years. In so far, 

 therefore, as hydro-electric power can be economically 

 and practically substituted for the purposes for which 

 coal is employed, the province may in the future, to that 

 extent, become independent of imported coal. 



Principal Hydro Developments 



The scene of the principal development, and one which 

 is likely to maintain the premier position for many years 

 to come, is the Niagara district. In the immediate 

 vicinity of the Falls, on the Canadian side of the river, 

 there are in continuous operation three large hydro- 

 electric plants, the aggregate output of which is about 

 450,000 h.p. 



11 



