Industrial Canada 



Farms, forests, furs in these three great 

 revenue-producing assets might pithily be 

 summed up the general conception of Canada's 

 place in the economic cosmos as regarded by the 

 vast sections of uninformed outside of the 

 Dominion. In the picturization of a land of 

 conditions still approximating the natural and 

 primitive it is perhaps difficult, away from the 

 Dominion, to form an adequate conception of 

 assets of natural wealth beyond those emanating 

 immediately from the exploitation of natural 

 resources. The farms and ranches, the forests, 

 the regions which have harbored the fur-bearers, 

 have undeniably been to the fore in furthering 

 national progress, but those phases of activity 

 incidental to settlement and natural exploita- 

 tion have not been neglected. Though they 

 have perhaps suffered in publicity from the 

 prominence agriculture has assumed, observa- 

 tion shows that industrial expansion has gone 

 hand in hand with the development in its primal 

 stages of the natural wealth of the Dominion. 



Industrial growth in Canada has not been 

 less phenomenal than that of agriculture. As 

 settlement has progressed and farmers, drawn 

 from all parts of the globe, have encroached on 

 the virgin expanses, towns and cities have sprung 

 up in their wake and have harbored industries 

 in increasing numbers and importance, as agricul- 

 tural settlement became denser and more 

 extensive. The same expansion was evident in 

 localities where mineral deposits were exploited, 

 in those areas where timber was cut for lumber 

 and paper, where the sea and inland fisheries had 

 their centres. It covered every section of the 

 Dominion where men sought to bring into 

 utilization the tremendous natural wealth. 



Statistics of Manufacturing Industries 



Statistics of manufacturing industries, in 

 view of the time taken to compile them and the 

 continual expansion of activities, must at all 

 times be somewhat out of date, and the latest 

 published survey of Canada's industries carried 

 out by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics covers 

 only the period up to the end of 1918. Since 

 that time there has been a considerable develop- 

 ment, the period subsequent to the war having 

 seen the establishment of hundreds of United 

 States industries induced to this foreign expan- 

 sion by the adverse exchange on Canadian 

 money. The figures are, however, useful for 

 purposes of comparison, as illustrating industrial 

 growth over the years prior to that time. 



At the end of December, 1918, there were in 

 Canada 35,797 manufacturing establishments 

 in comparison with 15,796 existing in 1905, and 

 21,306 in 1915. The capital invested in these 

 industries in 1918 aggregated $3,034,303,915 

 compared with $846,585,023 in 1905, and 

 $1,994,103,272 in 1915. The number of employ- 



ees engaged had risen from 392,530 in 1905 and 

 514,883 in 1915 to 677,787 in 1918. The output 

 of all factories at the last survey was valued at 

 $3,458,036,975, whilst in 1915 it was $1,407,- 

 137,140 and in 1905 only $718,352,603. Over 

 the previous year, 1917, there was an increase 

 during the twelve months of $247,652,000 in the 

 capital investment, an increase of $66,798,000 in 

 the wages paid, and an increase of $442,459,035 

 in the value of products. 



Ontario led in the number of manufacturing 

 plants with 15,365 to her credit; Quebec came 

 next with 10,540; then in order Nova Scotia, 

 2,125; British Columbia, 1,786; Manitoba, 1,444; 

 Saskatchewan, 1,422; New Brunswick, 1,364; 

 Alberta, 1,252; Prince Edward Island, 484; and 

 the Yukon, 15. 



In the matter of capital investment, Ontario 

 also led with a total of $1,508,011,000 or nearly 

 one half of the aggregate. Investment in the 

 other provinces was as follows: Quebec, $860,- 

 468,786; British Columbia, $244,697,241; Nova 

 Scotia, $133,262,649; Manitoba, $105,983,159; 

 Alberta, $61,405,933; New Brunswick, $74,470,- 

 879; Saskatchewan, $39,476,260: Prince Edward 

 Island, $2,886,662 ; and the Yukon, $3,638,929. 



Ontario Leading Manufacturing Centre 



During 1918, considerably more than fifty 

 per cent of the product of these manufacturing 

 plants was credited to Ontario, which led the 

 Dominion with $1,809,067,000, this amount being 

 nearly double that of the next province, Quebec, 

 which produced goods to the value of $920,- 

 621,171. British Columbia came third with 

 $216,175,517; Nova Scotia next with $160,409- 

 890; then Manitoba, $145,031,510; Alberta, 

 $82,434,422; New Brunswick, $68,333,069; Sas- 

 katchewan, $50,009,000; Prince Edward Island, 

 $5,693,879; and the Yukon, $260,882. 



The employees, numbering 677,787, were 

 distributed as follows: Ontario, 333,936; Quebec, 

 207,513; British Columbia, 44,039; NovaScotia, 

 29,036; Manitoba, 23,388; Alberta, 9,894; New 

 Brunswick, 9,888; Saskatchewan, 8,066; Prince 

 Edward Island, 1,467; and the Yukon, 61. The 

 wages and salaries paid out by provinces were: 

 Ontario, $321,160,214; Quebec, $175,799,975; 

 British Columbia, $50,422,153; Nova Scotia, 

 $24,814,228; Manitoba, $23,389,681 ; New Bruns- 

 wick, $14,247,388; Alberta, $10,249,465; Sas- 

 katchewan, $8,496,172; Prince Edward Island, 

 $777,067; and the Yukon, $104,509. 



Agriculture and the products of the land 

 stand pre-eminently at the head of Canadian 

 industries, and in the survey for 1918 we find 

 flour and grist mill products leading the list of 

 individual manufactures with a production of 

 $262,537,122, and butter and cheese in the 

 seventh place with a production value of $94,- 

 927,032. Slaughtering and meat packing comes 

 second with $229,231,666, and the products of 



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