lands pay as well as a cranberry bog, and the 

 homesteads of the west contain thousands of 

 miniature swamps, the natural home of the 

 cranberry, possessing all the requisites for a 

 properly conducted cranberry bog. Successful 

 cultivation in Manitoba has led the way for 

 other western agriculturalists to follow. 



It has been clearly demonstrated that the 

 cultivation of the apple, the plum, the sand- 

 cherry and the cranberry can be successfully and 

 profitably followed in Manitoba. This is the 

 experience of the province's horticultural pion- 

 eers. What can be achieved in Manitoba has 

 equal opportunity in Alberta and-Saskatchewan. 

 In fact the irrigated districts of Southern Alberta 

 have of recent years made a most remarkable 

 showing in producing a wide variety of excellent 

 fruits, which are now, to an extent, grown com- 

 mercially. 



Numerous Wild Berries 



Cattle and grain have largely filled the view 

 of the prairie farmer to the exclusion of other 

 branches of agriculture. If fruit is not grown 

 more extensively it is not because of unsuit- 

 ability of soil or climate (for the numerous 

 species of wild berries which cover the prairies 

 and parklands before the advent of the fence 

 and plough, effectively contradict this), but 

 because there has been no time for this culture 

 in the busy day of the pioneer agriculturalist. 

 Another era has dawned. Experimentation by 

 government experts into the best varieties for 

 hardiness and fruitfulness is extensive and suc- 

 cessful, and new varieties of fruits are continu- 

 ally being produced by the experimental farms. 



With the steady progress being made in 

 cross-breeding and selection, it is confidently 

 believed by Mr. Boughen that there will not be 

 a habitable locality in Canada which may not 

 have its fruit garden. 



Railway Deficits and Immigration 



Since the announcement by the Minister of 

 Railways of last year's huge operating deficit 

 incurred by the Canadian Government Railways, 

 much controversy regarding it has been carried 

 in the Canadian press, and at the same time the 

 curtailment of immigration is being equally 

 widely discussed. It may not have occurred to 

 the general public that these subjects are 

 intimately related that one is the direct com- 

 pliment of the other and that immigration of 

 a desirable class has been directly responsible in 

 the past for the success of railroads in all new 

 countries. 



As president of the only large railroad system 

 in the world which to-day is operating success- 

 fully, it is not surprising that Mr. Beatty's views 

 on the subject have been solicited by the press, 

 and in his statement he points out clearly that 

 Canada's most essential and urgent need is 



population, and that the success of the Canadian 

 Pacific Railway has been directly due to a wide- 

 spread aggressive and constant immigration 

 propaganda. 



Many students of immigration are inclined 

 to the belief, although no statistics are available 

 on the subject, that a very small proportion of the 

 incoming immigrants swell the ranks of the 

 unemployed; that they are taken care of by 

 friends already in the country and find work 

 almost immediately. As far as the Canadian 

 Pacific's activities are concerned, they are 

 limited to bona fide farmers and those who 

 specifically declare their intention of going on 

 the land-, and who prove to the satisfaction of its 

 agents that they have the necessary capital to 

 do so. The result of this policy has led to a 

 large settlement along the lines of the railway 

 and the gradual building up of a natural tribu- 

 tary traffic. 



Any curtailment of immigration of the right 

 class can only result in increasing the difficulties 

 which the Government must face in their urgent 

 problem of placing its railways on a paying 

 basis. 



C.P.R. President's Interview 



Interviewed by a representative of the Canadian 

 Press on the subject of the deficit on the Canadian National 

 Railways, Mr. E. W. Beatty stated that he was not pre- 

 pared to make any statement except that the fact must 

 not be forgotten that the Management of the National 

 Railways were operating under exceptionally difficult 

 circumstances not of their own making, but emphasized 

 in their case by the unnecessary mileage comprised in a 

 system, parts of which were built for competition with the 

 other, and not as part of a single transportation unit. 



The C.P.R. President stated that the gravity of the 

 situation could not be denied and that a solution of the 

 difficulties facing the Canadian people in the possession 

 of this extensive system was one which should command 

 the attention of the best minds and the advice of the best 

 experts in the country. 



"I am afraid," he said, "that many people in Canada 

 do not sufficiently realize that the most urgent and essen- 

 tial need to-day is increase in population, not only to 

 provide traffic for the railways, but also to help pay our 

 enormous national indebtedness. So far as the railways 

 are concerned, the National Railways are even more con- 

 cerned in this demand for population than the Canadian 

 Pacific, owing to the extent of sparsely populated country 

 in which so much of their mileage is located. It was an 

 aggressive immigration propaganda that built up the Cana- 

 dian Pacific, and without immigration the prospects of the 

 Canadian National are, in my opinion, hopeless. 



Desirable Settlers 



"Any legislation which woujd stem the tide of desirable 

 immigration must inevitably pile up further deficits, for 

 immigration is Canada's great salvation. Mr. Crerar, 

 who was speaking particularly in the interests of the Na- 

 tional Railways, struck the right note when he declared 

 before the Canadian Club in Montreal, that a wise and 

 vigorous immigration policy would help solve the problem. 

 Mr. Crerar also referred in another address to the foreign- 

 born immigrants, commending the progress they had made 

 in Western Canada, and pointing out that over fifty per 

 cent, of the students at Manitoba University were of 

 foreign parentage. 



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