"The same evidence is contributed in an interesting 

 article in the 'Grain Growers' Guide' in reference to the 

 three hundred thousand Ukrainians in Western Canada, 

 in which it is stated thai these people of sturdy farming 

 stock from Central Europe have four large educational 

 institutes at Saskatoon, Winnipeg and Edmonton respec- 

 tively, and had become a real asset to Canada. The 

 people from the Scandinavian countries have made 

 admirable settlers. During the year 1920, nearly 1,600 

 of these came as immigrants to Canada, of whom only 10 

 were deported. All of them are thrifty, hard working 

 people. 



"I quite agree with those who object to the immi- 

 gration of city-bred Continentals of poor physique and 

 doubtful health who would at once drift into slums, or of 

 large communities of foreign born, who frankly declare 

 they do not intend to assimilate with English speaking 

 Canadians, but I consider it absolutely necessary to the 

 immediate betterment of Canadian financial, commercial 

 and traffic conditions, that the gates of Canada be once 

 more opened not only to the British, French and American 

 immigrant, but also to the Scandinavian and the more 

 desirable type of Continental. 



Sort of People Needed 



"It is not only farm hands and domestics who are 

 required. What progress can Canadian industry make if 

 the skilled mechanic is to be practically shut out. And 

 without Canadian industry where are we to find exports 

 for the Canadian Merchant Marine. We neither can nor 

 dare stop this tide of desirable immigration, or say to it 

 like Canute, 'Thus Far and No Farther.' 



"Policies which are perfectly appropriate in the case 

 of the United States would not necessarily be applicable 

 to this country. By all means let us exclude the undesir- 

 able immigrant, but admit those who in time will con- 

 tribute to this country's commercial prosperity and econo- 

 mic strength." 



Expansion of Pulp and Paper Industry 



With the continually increasing demands 

 from the United States, from Europe and from 

 the Orient, the pulp and paper industry in 

 Canada is yearly assuming a more important 

 aspect in the Dominion's industrial life, and as 

 the world's stores of pulpwood are becoming 

 gradually depleted, a greater number of coun- 

 tries, at one time supplied by their own forests, 

 are calling upon Canada's extensive stores. The 

 current year 1920 emphasized in a yet greater 

 manner the prominence of the industry in 

 Canadian commercial life, and in addition to a 

 substantial increase in the export business, a 

 noticeable feature recorded was the number of 

 new enterprises planned and begun as well as 

 the expansion of several of the older companies 

 with a very general capital reorganization made 

 necessary by such expansion. 



According to government report export 

 demand for the higher grades of pulp and for 

 newsprint paper exceeded the supply throughout 

 the year, and the exports of these commodities 

 have greatly exceeded both in value and volume 

 those of any previous year. The total exports 

 of pulp and paper for the current year 1920 

 were valued at $163,217,988 as compared with 

 $96,376,664 for 1919. If to this were added 



pulpwood exports, the value of all three would 

 be $178,906,159 as compared with $106,969,000 

 for the preceding year. 



Paper with a total value of $86,744,010 was 

 the most important item in the year's manufac- 

 ture comparing with $59,391,000. Wood pulp 

 came next with a total value of $76,383,978, an 

 appreciable increase over the previous year's 

 $50,796,660. Pulpwood exports amounted to 

 $15,778,171 as compared with $10,593,581 in 

 the preceding year, whilst the value of newsprint 

 alone exported in 1920 was $72,920,223, whereas 

 in 1919 it was only $50,796,661. 



Increase in Quantity Exported 



There was an increase in the quantity 

 exported in all departments of the trade. 

 Newsprint shipped out of the country amounted 

 to 15,238,891 cwts., as compared with 14,192,556 

 in 1919; wood pulp, 16,399,897 cwts. compared 

 with 14,182,533 cwts. ; pulpwood, 1,248,395 cords 

 compared with 1,060,275 cords. 



The United States took about 80 per cent of 

 the pulp and paper exported from Canada 

 during 1920, or approximately 129,356,000 

 worth out of a total of $163,217,000. Of this, 

 paper was valued at $67,722,284'and wood pulp 

 at $61,663,303. In addition, there were 1,247,000 

 cords of pulpwood valued at $15,778,000 whilst 

 all the pulpwood exported went to the United 

 States. 



Exports to the United Kingdom during 1920 

 were valued at $13,417,574, wood pulp at 

 $8,543,119, and paper of all kinds $4,874,455. In 

 1919, the total exports were $8,522,738, divided 

 into wood pulp $4,715,465 and paper $3,707,273. 

 Exports of pulp and paper to all countries during 

 1920 were approximately $21,500,000, or about 

 75 per cent greater than for 1919. 



The steady development of the industry in 

 Canada is plainly marked in the course of the 

 year in the increase in the value of exports 

 towards the end of the year. During the first 

 three months, the average value of total paper 

 exports was a little more than $5,000,000 whilst 

 during December their value was $8,974,869. 

 The average monthly value of wood pulp exports 

 during the first quarter of the year was 

 $2,286,000 and for December their value was 

 $5,974,869. 



Expansion has been General 



A review of the industry covering the whole 

 Dominion shows that the expansion has been 

 general, and takes within its scope operations in 

 every province where the pulp and paper industry 

 is actively followed. Practically every one of the 

 larger corporations has, in view of the excessive 

 demand for their product, expanded broadly, 

 through reorganization has increased timber 

 holdings, mill capacity, and with this latter 

 added to their annual output. Expansions of 

 business in Ontario cover operations at Cornwall, 



66 



