

and the balance virgin timber land yet in the 

 hands of the government. This estimate does 

 not include the large resources of Ungava, which 

 have not yet been explored. The woods used 

 for the manufacture of paper are spruce and 

 balsam, and the resources of these in the province 

 are estimated at 250,000,000 cords. 



Forty-six Mills Operating 



Tributary to these privately held and licensed 

 lands, there are forty-six mills out of the Dom- 

 inion's total of ninety-nine mills engaged in the 

 industry, and invested in these is the sum of 

 $124,000,000 out of $260,000,000, the total 

 investment in the industry throughout the whole 

 of Canada. Seventeen of the provincial mills 

 are engaged in paper-making, seventeen are 

 devoted to the manufacture of pulp, and the 

 remaining twelve manufacture both pulp and 

 paper. 



In the year 1920, a total of 827,982 cords of 

 pulpwood were produced in Quebec, having a 

 value of $10,163,515. In the finished manufac- 

 ture, Quebec consumed 1,085,278 cords of the 

 raw material, leading all the other provinces by 

 a wide margin. An average of 2,078 pounds of 

 pulp per cord was secured throughout the year, 

 the average maintained in the sulphite process 

 was 1,042 pounds per cord, and in the sulphate 

 process, 1,145 pounds. The actual output of 

 groundwood pulp was 493,520 tons, or 79.50 per 

 cent, of the Dominion capacity. The province 

 of Quebec produces more than forty per cent, of 

 the Dominion's finished pulp. 



Extensive Supplies of Material 



The extensive supplies of raw material, the 

 province's wealth of water powers in proximity 

 to the forests, the excellent transportation 

 facilities of all kinds with adequate shipping 

 facilities, have all contributed to make the pulp 

 and paper industry so important in Quebec, 

 whilst the provincial embargo on the export of 

 pulpwood cut on Crown lands in a raw, unmanu- 

 factured state has compelled manufacture in the 

 province with the establishment of mills, and so 

 built up a purely Canadian industry of prime 

 importance. Activity is not confined to one or 

 more localities, but its sphere is as broad as 

 Quebec's woods are extensive, touching into 

 every corner of the province. 



The rapid expansion of the industry in Quebec 

 can be judged from the extensions which the year 

 1920 witnessed. At Chandler, the Saguenay 

 Company increased their output from 80 to 130 

 tons per day. At Grand Mere, the Laurentide 

 Company installed two new newsprint machines, 

 giving a total daily capacity of about 350 tons 

 of newsprint and 60 tons of boards. At Quebec, 

 the Hammerh.ill Paper Company established 

 itself. At Clarke City, the Imperial Paper Mills 

 and the Amalgamated Press took over a plant 

 and enlarged its output. The Howard Smith 



Company brought their output up to 100 tons 

 per day. Price Brothers, by adding a new 

 machine, increased their newsprint output to 

 300 tons a day. Construction of the Inter- 

 national Company will increase output to 200 

 tons of pulp and the same amount of paper. 

 The Brompton 'Company has nearly completed 

 a new groundwood mill of 100 tons daily capacity 

 and, in addition, has secured new tracts contain- 

 ing 1,000,000 cords of pulpwood. The Belgo- 

 Canadian made important additions to their 

 plant, and increased output. The Wayagamack 

 Company brought their production up to 115 

 tons of kraft per day, and added 2,000 square 

 miles to their timber limits. 



Outlook for 1921 



What 1921 will bring to the industry is fore- 

 shadowed in anticipated developments. The 

 Three Rivers Pulp and Paper Company, incor- 

 porated last year with a capital of $4,000,000, 

 will commence activities this year. The Inter- 

 national Paper Company's plant at Three Rivers 

 is nearing completion, and will have a daily 

 capacity of 200 tons of pulp and 200 tons of 

 paper. Price Brothers Company Limited also 

 have a new development at Saguenay, Quebec. 



The province of Quebec, both through its 

 Government and the large corporations opera- 

 ting plants in the province, is following a sane 

 policy of forestation, having wisely profited by 

 the experiences of older countries. "A tree for 

 every one removed" is the motto, and many of 

 the pulp and paper companies are replanting 

 their limits in excess of this. Quebec is treating 

 her forests not as mines of inexhaustible resources, 

 but as crops to be resown after harvest. 



Marten and Fisher Ranching 



The accession of Canada to her logical place 

 among fur markets of the world, by reason of her 

 prominence among producers, has resulted in 

 an impetus and a greater devotion of interest to 

 other phases of the fur industry, and in none, 

 perhaps, so much as the domestic rearing of fur- 

 bearers. Success had been achieved, covering 

 many years, in fox ranching and other branches 

 of fur farming, the absolute feasibility of the 

 venture in Canada proven, and all that had been 

 accomplished justified confident hope of expan- 

 sion. Thus has come about a widening of the 

 field, not only as regards the establishment of 

 ranches but in the variety of animals so reared. 



This BULLETIN has dealt with farming suc- 

 cesses in foxes, beaver, skunk, muskrat, rabbit 

 and other valuable fur-bearers, and the many 

 advantages the Dominion offers to this kind of 

 ranching. Canada is the natural habitat of nearly 

 every species of marketable fur-bearer, and has 

 the finest of climatic conditions for producing 

 the richest, glossiest, and heaviest furs. The 

 trapping of fur-bearing animals in Canada is a 



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