invades the markets of the world; it is really 

 shark liver oil, manufactured in Norway." 



In the shark plant, when the huge fish is being 

 turned into so many substances and articles, 

 there is absolutely no waste. 



Various Processes and Bi-Products 



Business men from Vancouver, Victoria, 

 Seattle and other North Pacific seaport cities, 

 sat around a table in Victoria, Vancouver Island, 

 recently, where a firm from Seattle showed the 

 various processes through which sharks passed 

 and the results attained in glue, leather, fertilizer 

 and other marketable and needful products. 



The head of the shark is full of glue of a highly valu- 

 able quality. 



The bodies make a finer fish meal than any other 

 made. As a fertilizer it is superior to dog-fish because 

 in the shark carcasses there is only two per cent, of oil, 

 while in the dog-fish, oil is so plentiful that it takes an 

 expensive chemical process to separate it from the body. 



The fins are much prized by the Chinese as a food 

 delicacy, and Orientals in Vancouver pay as much as 

 $3.00 a pound for it. 



The liver contents run from 60 to 70 per cent, of 

 finest oil, of which about ten per cent, is glycerine. 



The teeth are in great demand and fetch a high price 

 for the making of ornaments. 



The few bones go into the fertilizing part of the in- 

 dustry. 



The hides are of the greatest interest to the manu- 

 facturer. Several companies have been formed, and much 

 research work has been done in connection with their 

 possibilities. 



At the meeting, a Seattle company showed a 

 large number of shark hides in every stage of 

 tanning. Many of the men assembled were 

 "leather men" and they fingered the products 

 carefully, and satisfied themselves that the 

 leather business was entering the initial stage of 

 making up goods of which, heretofore, they had 

 had no conception. 



The shark hides run from an inch in thickness 

 in the older fish to the consistency of paper in 

 the baby shark. Soles of boots, leather for the 

 finest suede shoes, a black pigmented product 

 that would make club bags of most lasting 

 quality, uncrackable lengths of leather that out- 

 stripped any patent leather ever made, and 

 which the leather shoemen said was the finest 

 they had ever seen, were among the goods 

 exhibited, and the thought of all this material 

 right at hand was a revelation to men who had 

 known there were sharks, but thought of them 

 only as a pest to swimmers and destroyers of 

 marketable fish. 



Methods of Operation 



In Seattle, hip-boots from shark hides are 

 being made, and one Vancouver boot maker has 

 been using shark leather for boots. Finer grades 

 of the tanned leather are used for upholstering, 

 colored and stamped ; it is ever-wearing and rich 

 to look upon. 



The outer skin, or "shagrin," must come off 

 in the first place, and a process has been success- 

 fully developed which takes this away. It has 

 the exact properties of sand-paper of the rough 

 variety. For very fine work on wood polishing, 

 the " shagrin " of the baby shark cannot be ex- 

 celled. Underneath, a section torn off reveals one 

 of the greatest properties of the shark hide. This 

 texture is woven and interlaced as if by a 

 machine, and its extraordinary durability has 

 never before been known in any leather. 



It takes fifteen days of specialized process to 

 turn out shark leathers, and six months, or more, 

 treatment to prepare sole leather. 



Some of the thinnest hides puzzled the gentle- 

 men at the table, they were so transparent look- 

 ing, and yet so strong that nothing like them 

 had been inspected in the experience of experts. 

 These were made from the stomachs of sharks, 

 and can be worked up into beautiful cloths, 

 being soft and pliable. 



Mr. Nelson Macdonald looks forward to a 

 time, in the not distant future, when British 

 Columbia will have as many, if not more, shark 

 catching and manufacturing plants as Norway. 

 " Here they are right at out Western Door, wait- 

 ing to be made use of, and the industry is going 

 to develop into one of great magnitude and 

 many dollars." 



Quebec's Forest Wealth 



The value of Quebec's standing timber, based 

 on a careful study of the reports made by 

 explorers, cruisers and forest engineers, is placed 

 at $600,000,000, according to the Canadian 

 Forestry Journal. This estimate only includes 

 such timber as is merchantable, and neglects 

 wholly the young stock. The quantity of stand- 

 ing timber is placed at 38,550,000,000 feet, of 

 which total, spruce, balsam, hemlock and other 

 odiferous species aggregate 15,625,000,000; 

 cedar, 2,500,000,000; pulpwood, 12,500,000,000; 

 white and red pine, 3,750,000,000; hardwoods, 

 4,375,000,000. Spruce, balsam, hemlock and 

 other odiferous species lead in value with 

 $250,000,000; followed by red and white pine 

 valued at $200,000,000; pulpwood, $100,000,000; 

 cedar, $25,000,000; and hardwoods, $25,000,000. 



The greatest revenue derived from this vast 

 natural heritage is through the manufacture of 

 spruce and other pulpwood species into pulp and 

 paper. At the last census of the pulp and paper 

 industry in Quebec, taken in 1918 by the Do- 

 minion Bureau of Statistics, the total value of 

 pulp and paper produced is given as $45,229,130; 

 capital invested $101,456,296; and the annual 

 capacity of pulp and paper mills 1,045,646 tons. 



While the greatest revenue is secured through 

 the pulp and paper industry, the lumber industry, 

 which is much older, produced in 1918 the sum 

 of $21,906,373 in revenue. The manufacture of 



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