timber into lumber provided the largest share of 

 this sum, bringing in $20,916,604, followed in 

 order by shingles 775,058; and laths $214,711. 

 Quebec has always been to the fore in the 

 conservation and reforestation problems of her 

 forests, and strict laws have been imposed 

 making it illegal to cut balsam and swamp spruce 

 with a diameter under seven inches and twelve 

 inches upon all other spruce. Consequently, 

 there is a very considerable amount of this 

 timber, comprising the capital of growing stock, 

 which is not allowed to be cut because of this 



restriction. 



Forest Protection 



In 1920, the provincial government in co- 

 operation with various pulp and paper companies 

 inaugurated a hydro-plane service for the protec- 

 tion of the forest. The ease and rapidity with 

 which these machines can cover large areas of 

 land is a valuable factor in combating forest fires, 

 making timber cruises, surveying the land for 

 good water courses, aerial photography and in 

 many other ways helping to conserve Quebec's 

 forest wealth. 



Recently, four of the employees of the Pro- 

 vincial Forest Service graduates of the Forest 

 School at Laval University were sent to Europe 

 by the government, to spend a period of six 

 months in making advanced studies of forest 

 practice and utilization in France, Belgium, 

 Switzerland and Germany. Particular attention 

 will be paid to saw-milling, silvicultural practice, 

 reforestation, aerial photography, forest re- 

 search, wood technology and wood utilization, 

 including the development of markets for hard- 

 wood species through small wood using in- 

 dustries. 



It has been estimated by competent authori- 

 ties that, with proper management and direction, 

 the forests of Quebec will produce an annual 

 growth of three million cords of pulpwood on 

 licensed Crown lands, one million on unlicensed 

 Crown lands, and one million on privately owned 

 lands, making in all a total of five million cords. 

 This does not include species which cannot be 

 used for pulpwood. Based on the 1918 cutting, 

 the available supply should last approximately 

 half-a-century or more, providing conservative 

 and reforestation methods are used. 



Municipal Hail Insurance 



One of the inevitable misadventures of the 

 pursuit of agriculture which both a farmer's 

 assiduity and exacting care are powerless to 

 safeguard or offset is a hail storm, and practically 

 all territories where cereals are an important 

 crop periodically suffer in common in this regard 

 from the devastating blight. For a considerable 

 time, under various schemes and companies, it 

 has been possible for the Canadian farmer to 

 insure his crop against the onslaughts of hail, 

 and so face the summer months with a greater 



degree of calmness and assurance. In the past 

 two years, however, the provinces of Alberta and 

 Saskatchewan, two of the world's most import- 

 ant grain areas, have gone a step better and 

 instituted systems of municipal hail insurance. 



Saskatchewan Act 



The Saskatchewan Hail Insurance Associa- 

 tion consists of one delegate from each munici- 

 pality which has come under the scheme by a 

 majority vote at the annual municipal elections. 

 A board of nine directors holds office for three 

 years. Land in the municipalities under the 

 scheme is assessed at four cents per acre together 

 with an additional rate per acre fixed annually 

 by the directors to be levied on land of an 

 owner or occupant under crop in excess of forty 

 acres. Every person liable to assessment under 

 the Act must, by the first of June each year, file 

 a report giving a legal description of his land 

 and the number of acres under crop. Failing 

 such a report the facts are ascertained by an 

 official whose declaration binds the owner or 

 occupant. 



Crops are insured against damage from hail 

 from June 16th to September 15th, and the 

 owner of a crop which is damaged must, within 

 three days, give notice, when an inspector 

 inquires into the claim and reports. Each 

 claimant is entitled to receive not more than 

 five cents per acre for every one per cent of 

 damage from hail he has sustained. When a 

 crop is damaged less than five per cent no 

 indemnity is due. Damage throughout the same 

 season and upon the same area is treated as 

 cumulative. 



Alberta Act 



Through the Alberta Municipal Hail Insur- 

 ance Act, municipal districts to which the Act 

 applies are brought under it by a favorable vote 

 of the electors. Members of the board- hold 

 office for three years. Every person owning land 

 in the hail insurance district is required to report 

 before June 15th every year the acreage of the 

 land owned or occupied by him, the acreage and 

 location of each crop sown, and the amount of 

 insurance per acre desired, which may be six, 

 eight, or ten dollars per acre. All crops of wheat, 

 oats, barley, flax, rye and speltz are insured 

 from June 15th to September 15th, and fall 

 wheat and rye from June 1st to September 15th. 

 No liability for indemnity exists when the 

 damage done is less than five per cent of the 

 portion of the crop injured. 



The premium for hail insurance is levied on 

 the crop area only, at so much per acre, and the 

 board has authority to levy a rate sufficient to 

 pay the costs of administration, the losses in 

 full for the year, and also to create a surplus for 

 the year of not less than ten nor more than 

 twenty per cent of the losses of that year. 





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