1681 show the existence at that time of four 

 weavers of cloth, one of carpets, one ribbon 

 weaver, four ropemakers, six hatters and one 

 carder. The first timber manufactured in Can- 

 ada was shipped from Quebec province, and 

 the first Canadian brewery was established in 

 Quebec city. 



Mining for iron ore commenced upon the 

 banks of the St. Maurice River in 1733 and 

 by 1737, smelting operations had been entered 

 upon on a large scale. The first sugar refinery 

 was established in Montreal in 1854 and the 

 first flour mill in 1860. In 1851 the province 

 boasted 541 grist mills, 1065 sawmills, 193 

 carding machines, 18 woolen mills, 13 brew- 

 eries, 7 distilleries, 12 shipyards, 38 foundries, 

 204 tanneries, and 123 industrial establish- 

 ments. 



Industry was firmly established in Quebec 

 province before Confederation and progress 

 since that time is best illustrated in a compari- 

 son of the various census since conducted. 



1871 1881 1891 



Industrial 

 establishments. 14,079 15,673 23,037 



Capital $28,000,000 $59,000,000 $118,000,000 



No. of Employees 66,714 85,673 117,389 



Production $77,205,182 $104,672,258 $153,255,583 



1900 1915 1918 



Industrial 



establishments, (not clsfd) (not clsfd) (not clsfd) 



Capital $142,403,407 $548,972,575 $860,468,768 



No. of Employees 125,684 148,329 207,513 



Production ....$158,287,994 $387,900,585 $920,621,171 



Quebec's forests are responsible for the 

 greatest amount of industrial activity. Pulp 

 and paper is the leading industry which in 

 the past has witnessed a phenomenal develop- 

 ment and is still undergoing a steady expan- 

 sion. Pulp products increased in value from 

 $2,421,068 in 1900 to $33,637,775 in 1920, and 

 paper from $2,021,592 to $41,601,790 in the 

 same period. Forest products employ 20,000 

 men and have a production value of $40,761, 

 730, having jumped to this figure from $18. 

 609,716 in 1900. 



The manufacture of butter and cheese con- 

 stitutes an important industry and in 1920, 40, 

 037,692 pounds of butter having a value of 

 $22,352,146 and cheese to the value of $13,356, 

 475, were manufactured. 



In the value of manufactured cottons, Que- 

 bec leads the Dominion with twelve textile 

 plants having a capital of $37,962,311 out of a 

 total for the Dominion invested in this indus- 

 try of $58,732,941. These plants produced in 

 1919 goods to the value of $57,530,438 out of 

 a total for Canada of $82,642,949. Quebec 

 operates 83 of the 147 factories in Canada em- 

 ployed in the manufacture of men's clothing 

 and they represent a capital of $14,180,989 out 



of a total investment in the industry of $25,- 

 703,795. 



A Wide Range of Manufacture 



Twenty plants for the manufacture of agri- 

 cultural implements have the sum of 

 $3,892,851 invested in them. Two of the eight 

 sugar refineries in Canada are in Quebec hav- 

 ing an investment of $5,869,592. There are 

 71 hat, cap and fur manufactories with a cap- 

 ital investment of $7,585,382 and twelve woolen 

 textile mills with a capital of $3,126,141. A 

 total of $3,315,328 is invested in 18 glove and 

 mitt factories. 



A very prominent Quebec industry is the 

 manufacture of boots and shoes and out of a 

 total production of $63,319,128 in the Domin- 

 ion, Quebec is responsible for $41,689,124 from 

 91 establishments capitalized at $24,894,251. 



Though there are nearly 500 mills for the 

 manufacture of flour in the province these 

 are mainly of small capacity with about twelve 

 and a half million dollars invested. About ten 

 million dollars is invested in 15 abattoirs and 

 meat packing establishments. Men's furnish- 

 ings are responsible for 31 factories and ship- 

 building for nine yards. 



The principal industrial centres of the prov- 

 ince in order are Montreal, Quebec, Sher- 

 brooke, Three Rivers, Hull and Lachjne, which 

 have in the main been responsible for the re- 

 markable progress which in the past ten years 

 have elevated production figures from $158,- 

 287,994 to $890,420,023. 



Industry has become a serious rival to agri- 

 culture in the province but the two are amic- 

 able competitors progressing hand in hand and 

 mutually aiding. Quebec has now attained 

 the position where she can not only provide 

 most home needs but engage extensively in the 

 export of these products. Her expansion in 

 the past decade is a fair indication of the de- 

 velopment of the next. 



Outlook in Western Canada 



By John Sweeting, Industrial Agent, Western 

 Lines C.P.R., Winnipeg. 



Conditions during the past month tend to 

 a prospective bettering of trade conditions 

 in Western Canada, though at some points, 

 more especially country points, dullness still 

 exists, yet, there is undoubtedly sign of im- 

 provement generally. 



Crop conditions are still showing good 

 promise, the rains in the early part of July 

 putting an end to a somewhat lengthy dry per- 

 iod, which did some damage over an area, that 

 taking the three Prairie Provinces as a whole, 

 was comparatively small. At the time of 

 writing a good crop appears to be probable and 



146 



