phenomenal of elevations and the development 

 of the various phases of the industry raised its 

 status to that of the second industry of the 

 Dominion, taking only a lower place than 

 agriculture. 



Though it is only of recent years, since the 

 destruction of forests that were never regrown, 

 and the consequent searching farther afield for 

 other resources, that the industry has grown 

 to be of such national importance to Canada 

 it is an old one in the Dominion and manu- 

 facturing was active at the beginning of the 

 last century. Paper, according to tradition, 

 was first made in Canada in 1803. In 1825 a 

 Mr. Crooks won a prize of 100 given by the 

 government of Upper Canada for the first sheet 

 of paper made in that realm. In 1840 the Tay- 

 lor Brothers built a mill near Toronto and 

 later two others, one of which still exists as 

 the Don Valley Paper Mills. In 1866 a mill 

 employing sixty persons was established at 

 Windsor Mills, Quebec, which is now the Can- 

 ada Paper Company. 



By 1881 Canada had five paper mills, capi- 

 talized at $92,000, employing 68 people and 

 having an output of $63,000 annually. In 1901 

 there were 25 mills with a capital investment 

 of $11,500,000 employing 5,300 people and with 

 an output of $4,246,000. 



$265,000,000 Invested 



The progress of the past twenty years in 

 this industry has possibly been the most phe- 

 nomenal phase of Canadian development un- 

 less we except agriculture and the amount in- 

 vested in the industry and the value of the 

 annual output of two decades ago appear quite 

 insignificant in comparison with the moneys 

 these represent now. At the end of 1919 when 

 the last survey was conducted by the Domin- 

 ion Bureau of Statastics a total of $264,581,300 

 was invested in the industry, $69,896,588 being 

 in pulp mills, $16,553,276 in paper mills, and 

 $178,131,436 in pulp and paper mills. In all 

 there were 99 mills, 33 paper, 39 pulp, and 27 

 pulp and paper. Of these 46 were located in 

 Quebec, 38 in Ontario, 5 in British Columbia, 

 5 in New Brunswick, and 5 in Nova Scotia. 



The industry gives employment to a total 

 of 26,765 people who draw wages and salaries 

 amounting to $32,323,789. Wood pulp produc- 

 tion in that year amounted to $48,562,088 and 

 paper production to $91,362,913. 



A mere modicum of the manufactured pro- 

 ducts of Canadian pulp and paper mills is ab- 

 sorbed by the domestic market, by far the 

 greater part being exported, the Dominion's 

 largest customer being the United States. This 

 export trade in pulp and paper has been the 

 most remarkable feature of Canadian trade in 

 the past few years the increases being of a 

 wood, wood products and paper amounted to 



less than fifty million dollars. By 1917 they 

 had increased to nearly eighty millions. Be- 

 tween 1917 and 1919 they nearly doubled, 

 amounting in the latter year to $154,500,000. 

 In 1920 the total exports amounted to $213,- 

 913,944 and in 1921 to $284,561,478, or nearly 

 six times what they were in 1913. 



U.S. Canada's First Customer 



The United States is Canada's first cus- 

 tomer in this regard, her purchases being over- 

 whelmingly greater than other countries com- 

 bined. In the year 1920 her imports of paper 

 and pulpwood from Canada amounted to $58.- 

 822,142. In the same year $4,813,577 worth of 

 paper was exported to the United Kingdom, 

 $2,963,871 worth to Australia, to the extent of 

 $1,184,629 to New Zealand, to $1,253,871 to 

 South Africa and $872,932 to Japan, all of 

 countries are drawing upon Canada for their 

 paper and raw materials for its manufacture 

 to an increasing extent each year. 



The enormous and widespread demands for 

 the products of Canada's forests is taxing their 

 capacity almost to the uttermost and only a 

 wise foresight and rigid methods of conserva- 

 tion on the parts of both governments and the 

 companies engaged in exploitation can main- 

 tain them in fruition. Already pulp and paper 

 companies have been forced from East to West 

 and the industry on the Pacific Coast is show- 

 ing, if anything, more active development. 



The untouched pulpwood supplies of the 

 Prairie Provinces are also attracting attention, 

 and with domestic consumption increasing and 

 the export trade jumping by leaps and bounds, 

 Canada may expect this industry to further 

 expand to its natural limit dependent upon 

 systematic replanting and conservation. 



Canada's Automobile Industry 



Holding, the second place among all the 

 countries of the world in per capita possession 

 of automobiles, with approximately one car to 

 every eighteen of population, it is but natural 

 that the automobile manufacturing industry 

 should have attained important proportions in 

 Canada. According to the returns of the 

 Dominion Bureau of Statistics the capital in- 

 vested in the industry at the end of 1919 was 

 approximately $57,000,000. Of the 1,289 

 plants in which this capital was invested, 1,236 

 made repairs, 42 produced accessories, whilst 

 11 engaged in the manufacture of autpmobiles. 

 Ontario led in the number of plants with 639 ; 

 Quebec 165; Saskatchewan 136; Alberta 98; 

 Manitoba 84; British Columbia 84; Nova 

 Scotia 49; New Brunswick 34; and Prince 

 Edward Island 2. 



Ontario was in 1919, the only province 

 manufacturing automobiles the capital invest- 



148 



