It has been discovered that these apparently 

 valueless and pestiferous members of the sea 

 family, whilst having no edible value, possess 

 valuable properties of commercial worth, and 

 considerable attention, especially on the Pacific 

 coast, has been paid of lafe to their attraction. 

 Commencing with the utilization of whale and 

 fish waste -making use of parts which were 

 previously rejected this has been followed up 

 by using hitherto worthless members of the 

 ocean family and obtaining a handsome return 

 from their carcasses, at the one time removing 

 a fisherman's pest and giving him returns on 

 that part of his catch which he was in the habit 

 of throwing away. 



Sharks can be made to contribute food, gela- 

 tines and oil for many purposes as well as being 

 a source of shoe leather. The livers are taken 

 for the oil they contain and this industry has 

 thrived for some time in Newfoundland and 

 Labrador and is progressing on the Pacific coast. 

 The livers are placed in water, cooked by fire or 

 steam, and the oil skimmed off. This oil is of 

 'value in dressing leather, soap making, fish 

 glue, paints and for medicinal purposes. The 

 dogfish, which is a smaller species of shark, at- 

 tains a size of about four feet. It yields oil and 

 a by-product of fertilizer, whilst other properties 

 can also be made to produce. These fish are 

 a considerable source of annoyance to fishermen, 

 making holes in their nets, consuming portions 

 of the catch, and driving away schools the fisher- 

 men are following up. 



Many Fish Products; Plants 



The unsaleable small fish, viscera, heads, etc., 

 of the annual catch in Canada is estimated at 

 about 250,000 tons. Nearly fifty per cent, of 

 the salmon catch on the Pacific coast, seventy- 

 five per cent, of the lobsters canned, and over 

 forty per cent, of the catch of the Great Lakes 

 come under this head. At present only about 

 1,000 tons are used and this could be largely 

 increased though the greater portion cannot be 

 collected. On the Atlantic coast there are two 

 fish product plants at Canso and Lockeport, 

 Nova Scotia, and one on inland waters at Port 

 Stanley, Ontario, on Lake Erie. The greatest 

 activity in this line is shown in British Columbia 

 and here, judging by the interest of 1920. Whal- 

 ing companies on the coast have awakened to 

 the value of properties in these mammals which 

 they were wasting, and in addition to the plant 

 which has been operating at Victoria for some 

 tin-.e, a whale by-products and non-edible fish 

 industry was commenced on Vancouver Island 

 last year by British capital. Fertilizer, oil and 

 other products to be manufactured from matter 

 previously thrown away are now saved for a 

 steady and profitable market. 



At Nanaimo, in the same year, a $40,000 fish 

 meal and oil refinery with $15,000 worth of 

 machinery commenced operations with an out- 



put of tv, enty tons daily, five tons of fish pro- 

 ducing one ton of meal and fifty gallons of coarse 

 oil suitable for machinery. Only the coarsest 

 kind of fish, dogfish, sharks and other non-edible 

 varieties are used in the manufacture and these 

 are purchased from local fishermen who, in this 

 way, not only find a market for a part of their 

 catch previously worthless, but find it profitable 

 to do this kind of fishing exclusively. 



Returned Soldiers Operate Pacific Plant 



A company of returned soldiers organized last 

 year for the purpose of getting after the mud 

 shark on the Pacific coast and they have estab- 

 lished a thriving industry on Vancouver Island. 

 Oil is extracted and fertilizer manufactured from 

 these hitherto unprofitable encumberers of Pa- 

 cific coast waters. 



An allied industry which offers substantial and 

 continual revenue for exploitation, and is yet a 

 virgin field, has been advocated by Premier 

 Oliver of the Province of British Columbia. Off 

 the coast of the Province are large numbers of 

 sea lions which destroy annually large quan- 

 tities of sea food, and the proposition, which has 

 the approval of experienced fishermen, is to 

 slaughter these animals, which weigh from 2,000 

 to 2,500 pounds apiece, and place their hides 

 upon the world's leather markets. The hides 

 are nearly an inch thick and make tough and 

 durable leather such as is used in workmen's 

 gloves and saddles. Each animal is estimated 

 to consume fifty pounds of fish per day and a 

 bounty of $2.00 per head has been placed upon 

 them by the Dominion government. Their 

 numbers off the Pacific coast can be realized 

 when hunters on the Charlotte Islands have 

 slaughtered hundreds in a single day. 



This industry, utilizing products which would 

 otherwise be wasted, is along the best lines of 

 national economy and as yet merely in the pri- 

 mary stages of development, capable of tre- 

 mendous expansion. Last year Lord Lever- 

 hulme purchased a $200,000 water frontage on 

 Burrard Inlet, British Columbia, for the erection 

 of a plant for this purpose, which is significant 

 of the wide interest evinced in carrying out this 

 industry in Canada. With the world's most 

 expansive fishing grounds, and some of the most 

 prolific, the fact that they are as yet barely 

 tapped augurs a great future for the fishing in- 

 dustry and, of necessity, the allied industries of 

 their by-products. 



Private Forest Conservation 



The heavy toll exacted on the forests of the 

 world which has increased so enormously in re- 

 cent years disclosed the fact, of which but slow 

 and limited cognisance was taken, that the in- 

 exhaustible forests of many countries were in- 

 deed very capable of exhaustion and their ulti- 

 mate depletion within sight. Competent au- 



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