thorities for instance, state that the destruction 

 of the spruce forests of the United States, east 

 of the Rockies, is nearing completion and that 

 fifteen years or more at the present rate of con- 

 sumption will see the end of spruce and balsam. 

 This in a country which possessed one of the 

 greatest reserves of timber a bountiful nature 

 had to bestow, considered at one time unlimited 

 and inexhaustible. 



Canada stands in a position at once enviable, 

 and considered in another light, calling for care 

 and forethought. Possessed of far-reaching 

 stretches of valuable timber, constituting some 

 of the richest reserves left in the world, she is 

 the cynosure of timber-depleted countries which 

 have avaricious eyes cast upon her woodland 

 wealth and would, if permitted, in many cases, 

 carry out the same systems of destruction as 

 have left them poverty-stricken in regard to 

 timber possession. The Dominion has, how- 

 ever, the lamentable experiences of these coun- 

 tries to profit by, painful lessons in conservation, 

 which she has taken to heart and instigating 

 governments and private corporations alike to 

 the necessity of preserving the country's rich 

 heritage of timber to posterity. 



National Preservation Forethought 



Many of the larger corporations, lumber and 

 pulp concerns, who have in their hands the ex- 

 ploitation of Canada's forest wealth for good or 

 ill, have shown a gratifying national forethought 

 in preserving this birthright, treating their woods 

 as a crop to be resown after harvest rather than 

 mines which once exhausted lose all virtue. 

 They have given the Dominion authorities the 

 most active and thorough co-operation realizing 

 that their work is not only a national one, but 

 one which self-interest prompts if they are to go 

 on manufacturing year after year. 



There is a steadily increasing movement to- 

 wards the employment of trained foresters by 

 private concerns, principally pulp and paper 

 companies. Not less than fourteen such com- 

 panies in Eastern Canada now employ foresters 

 for various woods operations including forest 

 research, nursery work, tree planting or a com- 

 bination of activities. 



A notable work has been done for some time 

 by the Laurentide Pulp and Paper Company at 

 Grand'Mere, Quebec, where this organization 

 has built up a garden city about the scene in 

 their industrial activities, and has in its inevi- 

 table destruction retained the beauties of the 

 pristine wilderness. The company has timber 

 holdings aggregating 2,300 square miles under the 



surveillance of one of the most competent forest- 

 ers on the continent, with a regular staff of six 

 men, which at certain seasons is increased to 30 or 

 40, an extensive and far-reaching system of conser- 

 vation and reforestation has been carried out. 

 In 1916 nurseries were established on cut-over 

 lands and in the brief period which has elapsed 

 since more than two thousand acres have been 

 replanted. Nearly a million saplings were 

 planted last year, and the aim of the company 

 is to reach a yearly capacity of four million new 

 trees. This keeps the work of replanting well 

 ahead of the cutting operations. 



Establishment of Forest Nurseries 



Last year the Abitibi Company organized a 

 forestry department in connection with its limits 

 in Northern Ontario. In addition to other lines 

 of forestry work this company has established 

 a forest nursery and has undertaken planting 

 operations. Young trees and saplings are raised 

 in the nurseries, and then transplanted to the 

 cut-over lands there to grow to maturity and 

 provide a crop for the next generation when the 

 operations of this one shall have taken their toll. 



Recently an extensive plan of reforesting its 

 timber limits was decided upon by the Chi- 

 coutimi Pulp and Paper Company of Quebec. 

 The company obtained the services of the Que- 

 bec Forestry Department to make a complete 

 survey of its timber reserves in order to deter- 

 mine the best and most economic method of 

 their exploitation. The company will put no 

 limit on their measures to ensure the perma- 

 nence of their forest crop, and in addition to the 

 enforcement of the most rigid regulations in 

 conservation and the establishment of nurseries, 

 has sent one of its employees to Europe to study 

 European methods, which are the most success- 

 ful in the world, and to consult with the best 

 known authorities on the subject. 



The field for private forestry is increasing 

 rapidly, as clearly indicated by the growing num- 

 ber of foresters who are going into the work on 

 a consulting basis in response to the demand. 

 Not only the government of Canada but the 

 large timber interests are wide awake to the 

 evils following the wholesale destruction of na- 

 tional timber and not only a public spirit but a 

 realization of their own best interests has deter- 

 mined them to preserve Canada's magnificent 

 heritage in its present dimension and so make 

 Canada's forest resources truly inexhaustible 

 by putting a tree back where one has been re- 

 moved. 



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