to some extent halted during the present 

 year, promise is of good prospects for 1922 and 

 following years. There is little doubt that the 

 industrial development in the West is going to 

 build up, and it is not unlikely that a very 

 considerable volume of new business will make 

 itself evident next year. Indications are point- 

 ing decidedly in that direction. It also appears 

 possible that some of the factors that are at 

 present a disturbing element in the world's 

 business affairs are likely to be on a more 

 conservative basis before the year's end and 

 that there will be less perturbation at likelihood 

 of unforeseen conditions after the next six 

 months has passed away. 



Water Power Resources of Canada 



During the past two years there has been under 

 way in the Dominion Water Power Branch a careful 

 re-analysis and computation of Canada's water power 

 resources. All existing stream flow and power data, 

 available from Dominion and Provincial sources, have 

 bee^i systematically collated, analysed and co-ordinated 

 with a view to preparing on a uniform basis from coast 

 to coast, revised estimates of the power available. While 

 the analysis is not yet finally completed, sufficient 

 progress has been made to warrant the publication of 

 the figures given herein. 



While the resources have been exhaustively analysed 

 in so far as the information available will permit, it 

 should be kept in mind that only very meagre data is 

 to hand in many districts and for many rivers. 



Basis of Computation 



The figures listed in the accompanying table and 

 diagram are based upon rapids, falls and power sites of 

 which the actual existent drop or the head possible of 

 concentration is definitely known or at least well estab- 

 lished. Innumerable rapids and falls of greater or 

 lesser power capacity are scattered on rivers and streams 

 from coast to coast which are not as yet recorded, and 

 which will only become available for tabulation as more 

 detailed survey work is undertaken and completed. This 

 is particularly true in the more unexplored northern 

 districts. Nor is any consideration given to the power 

 concentrations which are feasible on rivers and streams 

 of gradual gradient, where economic heads may be 

 created by the construction of power dams, excepting 

 only at such points as definite studies have been carried 

 out and the results made matters of record. 



In brief, the figures hereunder are based on definite 

 rapids, falls and power sites, and may be said to represent 

 the minimum water power possibilities of the Do- 

 minion. 



The power estimates have been calculated on the 

 basis of 24-hour power at 80% efficiency on the basis 

 of "Ordinary Minimum Flow" and "Estimated Flow 

 for Maximum Development". The "Ordinary Minimum 

 Flow" is based on the averages of the minimum flow 

 for the lowest two consecutive seven day periods in each 

 year, over the period for which records are available. 

 The "Estimated Flow for Maximum Development" is 

 based upon the continuous power indicated by the flow 

 of the stream for six months in the year. 



This estimated maximum development is based upon 

 the assumption that it is good commercial practice to 

 develop wheel installation up to an amount, the conti- 

 nuance of which can be assured during six months of the 

 year, on the assumption that the deficiency in power 

 during the remainder of the year can be profitably 

 provided from storage or by the installation of fuel 

 power plants as auxiliaries. 



Available and Developed Totals 



The recorded power available throughout the Domi- 

 nion, under conditions of ordinary minimum flow and 

 within the limitations set out in the foregoing, is 18,- 

 255,000 h. p. The water power available under estimated 

 flow for maximum development, i. e., dependable for 

 at least six months of the year, is 32,076,000 h. p. (For 

 details see table attache d.) 



There are installed throughout the Dominion water 

 wheels and turbines to the extent of 2,471,000 h. p. 

 However, it would not be correct to place this figure in 

 direct comparison with the minimum or maximum 

 available power figures quoted above and therefrom 

 deduce the percentage of the available water power 

 resources developed to date. An allowance must be 

 made for the average ratio between the water wheels 

 installed and the power available. 



An analysis of the water power plants scattered from 

 coast to coast, concerning which complete information 

 is available as to turbine installation and satisfactory 

 information as to stream flow, gives an average machine 

 installation 30% greater than the six month flow maximum 

 power. Applying this, the figures quoted above therefore 

 indicate that the at present recorded water power 

 resources of the Dominion will permit of a turbine in- 

 stallation of 41,700,000 h. p. In other words the pre- 

 sent turbine installation represents only 5.9 per cent 

 of the present recorded water power resources. 



Progress During Past Year 



In spite of the outstanding facts that financial and 

 commercial conditions are still far from normal and 

 that costs of construction are almost prohibitive for 

 all but absolutely necessary undertakings, there has 

 been during the past year and is now, marked activity 

 in hydro power construction. This has resulted from 

 a variety of causes, principal among which is the lack of 

 native coal in the central industrial district and the 

 fortunate location of economic water power sites to in- 

 dustrial centres. 



The total hydro power development installed during 

 the past year or now under construction represents ap- 

 proximately 560,000 h. p. of installed capacity. This 

 figure includes only the initial installations of plants 

 under construction, not their ultimate designed capacity. 

 It is evidence of the manner in which the water power 

 resources of the Dominion are being put to effective and 

 productive use. 



Future Growth in Utilization of Water Power 



In view of the increasing appreciation of the ad- 

 vantages of hydro power combined with the fortunate 

 location of ample supplies within easy transmission 

 distance of practically every great industrial centre 

 throughout the Dominion, there is every reason to antici- 

 pate that the rate of growth in utilization will be accele- 

 rated rather than retarded. Canada possesses sufficient 

 reserves of water power to meet all anticipated demands 

 for many years to come. 



In order so ensure the most beneficial utilization of 

 these reserves and to provide intelligent guidance for 

 their development, it is essential that we have an accu- 

 rate knowledge of the location, capacity and the en- 

 gineering and economic possibilities of development of 

 the water powers throughout the Dominion, together 

 with their relationship to other natural resources of 

 mine and forest, to industrial centres and opportuni- 

 ties, to transportation systems rail and navigation, 

 to coal and fuel supplies, to irrigation, drainage and 

 reclamation projects, to alternative sources of power 

 and to market for and uses of power in general. 



The water power now developed in Canada represents 

 an investment of $475,000,000. In 1940, should the 

 rate of growth in installation during the past 15 years 

 be continued, this investment will have grown to over 

 $1,000,000,000. The present development represents an 

 annual equivalent of 18,500,000 tons of coal which, valued 



192 



