help it needs. All ascribed as a reason for the policy 

 and some justified its application on this ground 

 the desire of the immigration authorities to allow the 

 farms to absorb the workers from the cities. 



This is a hope which unfortunately seems bound to 

 be disappointed, judging from what is said in the west. 

 Only a small proportion of the urban unemployed have 

 been willing to accept the forty dollars per month, all 

 found, and all the year round work offered by the farm- 

 ers. In Winnipeg there seems to be an organized dis- 

 position on the part of its jobless to reject work of this 

 kind and deliberately choose rather to subsist at the ex- 

 pense of the city. Railway maintenance and construction 

 is another class of work unpopular with the surplus 

 population of the towns and cities. The Canadian 

 Pacific Railway has had to bring foreign workers from 

 eastern Canada to the middle west and Chinese and 

 Japanese from the Pacific coast to carry on some of its 

 operations. 



A class of immigrant favored in some sections has 

 been the American farmer from middle western states, 

 who generally brings with him sufficient capital to work 

 his land without assistance and is on the whole a most 

 successful farmer. The only drawback from Canada's 

 point of view is that when he has attained such success 

 he generally prefers to take the fruits of it back to the 

 United States. The British immigran 1 -, on the olher 

 hand, although slower in establishing himself, settles 

 permanently when he does. 



Important Problem 



The whole subject of immigration bids fair in con- 

 nection with the railway problem to become one of the 

 most important problems for whatever government will 

 take office after the coming general election. It will 

 also be very much before the administration in the form 

 of the proposal for Imperial migration, assisted by Im- 

 perial loans, which was approved in principle by the 

 recent Imperial conference of Prime Ministers. That 

 conference declared that the Dominions were prepared, 

 subject to the sanction of their respective parliaments, to 

 co-operate with the Mother Country to subsidize che 

 migration of the British peoples within the Empire and 

 ask the United Kingdom Parliament to pass an act which 

 would in effect hold out to the Dominions the offer of 

 assistance from the Mother Country in any joint scheme 

 of this kind. 



Whatever settled policy is decided on for Canada, 

 there is no doubt that the present condition of affairs, 

 whereby the entry of an economically desirable class of 

 British-born workers is prevented and the influx of an 

 economically undesirable class of foreign workers is 

 allowed, is not commending the Dominion in the eyes 

 of the Mother Country and can scarcely be a factor in 

 the betterment of the present unsatisfactory financial 

 and industrial position of the country. 



Canada's Foreign Colonies 



In view of the inflow of foreign immigrants 

 to Canada from Europe during the fiscal year 

 1920-1921, which amounted 26,153, it is of 

 interest to note the origin and destination of 

 those who have already settled in this country 

 during the past decade. These new colonists 

 are mainly agriculturists, and on landing in 

 Canada proceed to various districts throughout 

 the country where their friends or relatives 

 are already located. 



The number of European foreign-born in 

 Canada in 1911 was given by the Canada 

 Year Book as 404,941, or 5.62 per cent, of 

 the entire population. It is interesting to 

 know that at the time this census was taken 



the number of foreign-born Europeans in 

 Canada exceeded the number of American 

 born in this country by 10i,261, or 1.41 per 

 cent, of the entire population of Canada. 

 Since these figures were compiled, European 

 immigration, owing to the war, has dwindled 

 to practically nothing, and as a result the 

 number of Americans who emigrated to this 

 country since then have so swelled the ranks 

 of their compatriots already here, that the 

 present census will undoubtedly show a much 

 larger number of American than European 

 foreign-born in Canada. 



At the last Dominion census, 393,320 

 persons gave their nationality as Germans; 

 129,103 Austro- Hungarians; 107,535 Scandi- 

 navians; 75,861 Jewish; 54,986 Dutch; Italian 

 45,411; Austrian 42,535; Russian 43,142; Polish 

 33,365; Galician 35,158; Ruthenian 29,845, 

 while smaller numbers came from the countries 

 bordering on the Mediterranean sea. 



Many Foreign Western Colonies 



Taking them in order of importance we 

 find that the Germans, as a rule, gravitate 

 towards Northern Ontario and the Western 

 provinces. They keep to themselves very 

 much and have established many fine and well- 

 to-do communities. In Saskatchewan and 

 Manitoba many prosperous farming centres 

 have been established by Germans. Around 

 the towns of Morden, Winkler, Glencross, in 

 Manitoba, and Kaiser and Vonda, in Saskat- 

 chewan, large colonies of German farmers have 

 been founded. Austrians and Hungarians, whose 

 mode of living and language are very similar, 

 frequently settle near German communities. 

 A large number of both Austrians and Germans 

 work in the coal mines of Southern Alberta and 

 the gold and silver mines of British Columbia. 



The Scandinavians, who are probably the 

 best foreign immigrant we get from Europe, 

 have founded many thriving community centres 

 throughout the Prairie Provinces, more parti- 

 cularly in central Alberta. They are a strong, 

 industrious, and clean-living people. They 

 cultivate their farms intensely and go in very 

 extensively for mixed farming. Their schools 

 are the most modern and up-to-date of their 

 kind in the province, and often after leaving 

 these schools many of the students attend the 

 provincial university, where a diversity of 

 courses is offered them. 



The Jews are inclined more to city life than 

 farming and very few if any go on the land, 

 although there are one or two colonies in the 

 provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba which 

 have been in existence for several years and 

 from recent reports are very successful. 



Southern Europeans 



The Ruthenians, Galicians, Poles, Doukho- 

 bors, Russians and Dutch are great agricultural 

 people, and it is not surprising to find large 



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