cow's milk in nutrition. Practically all of the 

 goats now in the province are owned by house- 

 holders, who keep one or two in the backyard or 

 on a nearby vacant piece of land. They are 

 milked twice a day at regular hours, and thrice 

 if the goat is a heavy milker. The income from 

 milk alone in the province last year amounted to 

 $45,300, representing 75,450 gallons. In addi- 

 tion, butter and cheese can be made from the 

 milk, but experiments have proven that the qual- 

 ity of these products is not up to the standard of 

 that made from cow's milk, and as a result there 

 is no market. 



A goat breeder's society was formed in Brit- 

 ish Columbia in 1917 with a membership of 176, 

 which has increased annually until at the present 

 time the number is well over 400. Another 

 society, known as the Canadian Goat Society, 

 has also been formed for the purpose of register- 

 ing pedigrees of goats. 



There is a continual demand for goats in 

 British Columbia, where the climatic conditions 

 and abundance of natural feed make the province 

 an ideal one for the raising of these animals. In 

 time it is probable that the other provinces, in- 

 spired by the success which has attended the 

 efforts of breeders in British Columbia, will also 

 take up this form of livestock, and in the mean- 

 time no efforts are being spared to make the 

 Pacific province the leading goat-raising territory 

 on the continent. 



Canada's Growing Trade 



By many of the uninformed the fact that the Canadian 

 dollar in the United States has been at a discount ranging 

 as high as eighteen per cent, combined with a superficial 

 knowledge that the fluctuating dollar value is based on a 

 nation's trade, is taken too readily as assumption that 

 there is something radically wrong with Canadian trade, 

 whilst this is in reality a purely temporary situation 

 brought about by the general upheaval of the war, without 

 any root in economic unsoundness and of a readily adjust- 

 able order. A review of Canadian trade for the past half 

 century not only illustrates phenomenal growth but a 

 healthy balance maintained throughout the period between 

 external and internal trade figures, disturbed only by the 

 Great War to which are directly traceable the exchange 

 evils which have since prevailed. 



In the period since Confederation in 1867, Canada's 

 total trade has multiplied twenty times. In the same 

 period her exports have increased nearly twenty-three 

 fold and imports nearly twenty fold. In 1868 total trade 

 was $119,791,879; exports $52,701,720; and imports $67,- 

 090,159. The total trade of the Dominion for the last fis- 

 cal year amounted to $2,450,587,001, of which $1,210,428,- 

 119 was represented by exports and $1,240,158,882 by 

 imports. This is a sufficiently even balance of trade not 

 to effect exchange, but the disturbing factor comes to light 

 in analysing the distribution of trade. 



The Exchange Situation 



The United States and the British Isles are the coun- 

 tries with which Canada transacts most of her trade, their 

 transactions accounting for seventy-eight per cent, of the 

 nation's total trade. The aggregate trade with the-United 

 Kingdom amounts to approximately one-third of that done 

 with the United States. In the case of the Dominion's 

 trade relations with the United States, however, imports 

 feature heavily over exports, whilst the reverse situation 

 prevails to an aggravating extent in the matter of trade 



with the United Kingdom. In the last year in trade with 

 the United States, a trade balance of $295,930,005 was 

 created in favor of the latter country, whilst Canada 

 had a balance in her favor of $100,281,907 by reason of her 

 trade with the United Kingdom. This it is which has had 

 the effect of elevating the value of the American dollar and 

 depreciating the value of the English pound. 



The public in Canada would seem to have arrived at a 

 realization of the necessity of getting Canadian trade back 

 to a more normal basis, and the extensive propaganda of 

 the "Buy in Canada" campaign is showing its effects in 

 the surprising decrease in value of imported goods during 

 the present year. For the first eight months of the year 

 imports to Canada have declined by $305,642,979 or a 

 little more than 35 per cent. Imports from the United 

 Kingdom have fallen off by $116,467,276 or 57 percent., 

 and those from the United States by $237,799,357 or 38 per 

 cent. Unfortunately the decline is least where it should 

 be greatest to effect complete readjustment. 



Effect of the Fordney Tariff 



Another factor has entered into the situation with the 

 coming into effect of the United States Fordney Tariff Bill, 

 calculated to seriously curtail the flow of Canadian produce 

 across the border. Export figures to that country for the 

 month of August were only about half of those for the same 

 month in 1920. The produce formerly marketed in the 

 United States must now find a market overseas and exports 

 to the United Kingdom are to be expected to increase sub- 

 stantially. This leaves the only solution to the situation 

 in a corresponding increase in Canadian purchases overseas, 

 which in its turn is dependant on the settlement of the 

 economic situation in the British Isles. 



However one views the situation it is evident that Cana- 

 dian trade is in a healthy state and merely distributed by 

 the stress of world conditions in a manner that is not econ- 

 omically the best. The remarkable manner in which her 

 trade has grown and continues to expand has been noted, 

 and new markets are being continually opened up. Whilst 

 her lack of certain lines of industrial development necessi- 

 tate heavy importations of manufactures, these are bal- 

 anced, as has been seen, by her tremendous agricultural 

 and other i.atural productions. Her distribution of trade 

 is at fault due to world circumstances over which Canada 

 has little control. 



Cattle Export Industry 



The coming into effect of the Fordney Tariff 

 Bill and the finding of the special British Royal 

 Commission on the Canadian cattle embargo 

 question were almost synonymous events, sig- 

 nificant both in their effect upon the Canadian 

 cattle export trade. Just as Canadian farmers 

 were viewing with some apprehenson the virtual 

 closing of the United States market to their live- 

 stock, the years of strenuous effort on the part of 

 Canadian politicians and livestock organizations 

 were rewarded by the report of the Commission 

 that in its opinion Canadian cattle are healthier 

 than either English or Irish cattle, that their 

 addition to British herds for breeding, dairying, 

 and beef purposes will promote their restoration 

 to the status the war impaired, and be of whole- 

 sale benefit to the British public in giving them 

 lower meat and milk prices with a considerably 

 augmented supply. At the time of writing, 

 though still strenuously opposed by affected in- 

 terests, all that is wanting to open the gates of 

 the British Isles to unrestricted entry for Cana- 

 dian cattle is the official cancelling of the em- 



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