published census, in their relative order, are 

 flour and grist mill products, slaughtering and 

 meat packing, butter and cheese, cotton bags, 

 electric light and power, lumber products, 

 bread, biscuits and confectionery, printing, 

 coffee and spices, factory and machine shop 

 equipment, men's furnishings, harness, machi- 

 nery, mattresses and beds. 



Winnipeg the Industrial Centre 



Winnipeg is the principal industrial city of 

 Manitoba, a throbbing hive of activity, with 

 tentacles reaching into every corner of the 

 Western plains, passing on the produce of this 

 vast area to the ports of the East. Winnipeg 

 has 779 industrial establishments employing 

 19,181 persons who are paid $18,773,622 in 

 wages and salaries. The total capitalization of 

 these plants is $82,709,029; it utilizes materials 

 annually valued at $77,689,693; and has a 

 yearly production of $118,154,995. It is the 

 largest grain market in the world and has an 

 annual wholesale turnover exceeding $250,- 

 000,000. Practically all the needs of the 

 Western Provinces can be supplied from this 

 source, either being manufactured there or dis- 

 tributed through the numerous branch houses 

 of United States and British firms. 



Manitoba has several other centres of grow- 

 ing industrial importance, chief amongst which 

 are Brandon, Portage la Prairie, St. Boniface 

 and Le Pas. Brandon has an industrial capi- 

 talization of $3,865,691 and an annual output of 

 $4,615,713. With a rich agricultural terri- 

 tory tributary to it, the grain, flour and oat- 

 meal industries rank high in importance, whilst 

 gasoline engines, windmills and other machinery 

 used on the farm, account for considerable in- 

 dustrial activity. Nearly all important farm 

 implement manufacturers of Canada and the 

 United States have distributing houses there. 



St. Boniface, with an industrial capitaliza- 

 tion of $1,353,719 and an output of $2,851,612, 

 has many industries, prominent among which 

 are flour mills, brick factory, marble and glass 

 works, abattoirs and union stock yards. 

 Portage la Prairie, the centre of a rich agricul- 

 tural territory, supplies most of the needs of 

 the farming community and has also in its 

 neighborhood supplies of sand and clay for 

 brick and cement works. 



Expanding Mining and Fur Area 



Le Pas is the active centre of the rich new 

 country of Northern Manitoba, whose meteoric 

 development as a mining and fur area has been 

 one of the most remarkable developments of the 

 past few years. Rich gold and copper finds 

 have been made in the vicinity, and there is 

 apparently no doubt as to the immense wealth 

 of this area in the future, when more adequate 

 development has been effected. A lumber mill 

 at this point has a monthly output of 7,500,000 

 feet and gives employment to 700 men. 



Manitoba faces an assured future of indus- 

 trial prosperity which will be necessary to keep 

 pace with the expanding agricultural importance 

 of Western Canada. She has all the require- 

 ments for such development. Her northland is 

 fast revealing itself as a rich mineral-bearing 

 area. Her water powers are enormous and 

 little exploited, on the Winnipeg River alone 

 there being power available to meet eight or 

 ten times the present requirements, of which 

 over 120,000 H.P. is now under development. 

 Winnipeg, which has firmly established itself the 

 capital of Western Canada, is not likely to per- 

 mit this prestige to be wrested from her and 

 will continue to effect the liaison between the 

 East and West of the Dominion. 



Export Lumber Trade 



The exploitation of Canada's forests was one 

 of the earliest established industries, almost 

 contemporary with the fur trade in arousing 

 interest in the new continent. As the timber 

 resources of other countries have become 

 gradually depleted through lavish utilization, 

 increasing demand has been put upon Canada's 

 wealthy possessions, so that the industries de- 

 pendant upon the Dominion's forest resources 

 still remain among the premier activities of the 

 country in spite of the rapid progress achieved 

 by other lines of development. The lumber, 

 lath and shingles industry alone, in 1918, 

 ranked as Canada's fifth industry, coming after 

 munitions manufactures, with a capitalization of 

 $182,000,000 and a production of $146,000,000. 

 With the increase in the cut of timber and the 

 export of raw material, has grown the manu- 

 facture and export of wood products, which now 

 forms throughout the Dominion one of its 

 healthiest industries and finds a market in prac- 

 tically every country of the globe. 



The total value of the export of wood and 

 wood products from Canada in the fiscal year 

 1921 was $191,516,962, of which $75,832,487 

 was represented by manufactured wood and 

 wood products and $115,684,475 by unmanu- 

 factured. Of the first total, $143,248,244 went 

 to the United States; $32,728,353 to the United 

 Kingdom; and $15,540,365 to other countrie 

 The extent to which the lumber export trad 

 is increasing may be gathered from the fac 

 that the total exports of wood and wood pro 

 ducts in the previous year was $150,057,207 

 and in 1919, $106,297,738. The export of rav 

 forest materials in 1920 amounted to $105,- 

 353,420 or more than ten million dollars less th 

 last year, whilst in 1919 they were valued at 

 only $70,380,333. Just what the export lum- 

 ber trade has become in Canada in the last half 

 century may be seen in a comparison with the 

 figures of 1868 when the total value of unmanu- 

 factured forest products exported amounted to 

 only $18,742,625, and that of manufactured 

 wood products $71,493. The production of 



228 



