herring, lobster, mackerel, salmon, haddock, 

 sea-trout, halibut, hake, seals, and whales. In 

 the lakes salmon, trout, eels, pickerel, carp, bass, 

 cat-fish, pike, whitefish, sturgeon, and perch 

 exist prolifically. 



Never Sufficiently Exploited 



Although the fisheries of the gulf and river 

 St. Lawrence were known to the Basque and 

 Breton fishermen for many years before Jacques 

 Cartier's voyages to Canada, they were never 

 sufficiently exploited to yield even a small pro- 

 portion of their richness. The first record of 

 Quebec's fisheries is that of 1870, three years 

 after Confederation, when they were worth to 

 the province a sum of $1,161,551. By 1880 they 

 accounted for a revenue of $2,631,556; in the 

 year 1915-16 they were worth $2,076,851; in 

 1818-19 $4,568,773 and in 1920, $2,592,382. 

 Both sea and inland fisheries made fairly con- 

 sistent progress up to quite recently and trans- 

 fer of authority is looked for to materially aid 

 them in getting back on this road. In 1912-13 

 sea fisheries accounted for $857,004; in 1916-17, 

 $1,873,225; in 1918-19, $3,825,182; and in 1920, 

 $2,420,772. Inland fisheries in 1914-15 were 

 worth to the province, $132,258; in 1916-17, 

 $288,437; in 1918-19, $172,921; and in 1920, 

 $171,660. 



Dispute Now Amicably Settled 



The cod catch accounts for easily the most 

 important item in the fisheries revenue of the 

 province of Quebec, being responsible in the 

 year 1921 for $631,933. The salmon fishery was 

 next with $157,028 and the lobster catch third 

 in point of revenue with $143,973. Next in 

 importance was the herring, bringing in $11 1,248. 

 Eels and shad account for the greatest individual 

 value from the province's inland fisheries. 



In the year 1921 Quebec suffered in common 

 with the rest of the Dominion fisheries from 

 conditions arising from the general trade depres- 

 sion and the loss of considerable export trade built 

 up during the war years and fallen away. The 

 dispute between the Dominion and the province 

 as to the authority in tidal waters resulting in 

 conflicting regulations, dual patrol systems, and 

 the necessity, in the dilemma, of fishermen tak- 

 ing out two licenses, must also be regarded as 

 somewhat of a severe handicap. This is now 

 amic&bly settled and much in the way of develop- 

 ment is confidently expected by the provincial 

 authorities. 



Northern Ontario 



The world's eye is focussed upon Canada, and this de- 

 cade is conceded to be hers in promise of growth and 

 development. No small part of this attention at the pres- 

 ent time is directed towards Northern Ontario, and this 

 area is being accorded a greater measure of recognition 

 than has ever previously fallen to its lot, but still falls 



lamentably short of what its immense natural wealth and 

 increasing annual production justify. Nature must have 

 been in a freakish mood when she planned this northern 

 territory and beamed on it with extraordinary generosity, 

 for in certain resources she has imparted a virtual mono- 

 poly, destining that for all time other sections of the globe 

 should be forced in their needs to apply for the treasures 

 of her storehouse. 



The industries of this northern territory, springing 

 straight from the very bosom of nature, it is but natural 

 that little was felt of the industrial depression which 

 swamped the rest of the world. The present year is one 

 of promise, and the summer and fall will constitute a sea- 

 son of more than usual activity. 



With the disorders in the Rand Mines in South Africa, 

 the Hollinger Mine of the Porcupine Area is left for the year 

 without a rival for the honor of the world's first gold 

 producer. 



The demand for pulp and paper is growing once more 

 and creating a resumption of activity in this line. 



Silver and nickel industries face pleasanter prospects 

 and agricultural districts set out on the farming year 

 with the best of auguries. The past accomplishments of 

 this and a faith in greater achievement are resulting in an 

 extension of the backbone of the Temiskaming and North- 

 ern Ontario Raijway from Cochrane, the present northern 

 terminal, whilst just across the border on the Quebec side, 

 the Canadian Pacific Railway is extending its line, at pres- 

 ent running from Mattawa to Kipawa, on to Les Quinze, 

 at the further end of Lake Temiskaming, penetrating 

 a rich and fertile agricultural section, long established. 



"Northern Ontario" a Misnomer 



To get a just perspective of this section of Ontario, the 

 mind must be disabused of a conception which is fairly 

 general and which would seem to be almost inevitable. 

 The term Northern Ontario is apt to convey the impression 

 of close proximity to, if not actually within, the Arctic 

 circle. 



In considering the northern area of Ontario, it is ne- 

 cessary to remember and to fix firmly in mind, that this 

 province has its southernmost boundary very much 

 further south than the other Canadian provinces, and that 

 the projection of James Bay from the north brings the 

 northernmost boundary very much farther south than is the 

 case with the remainder of the Canadian North. Cochrane, 

 which is the limit of present railroad communication to 

 the north of the province, is often mentioned as an Arctic 

 point, whereas it is, in reality, practically in the same 

 latitude as Winnipeg, and hundreds of miles south of 

 Edmonton which is the gateway to the rich Alberta north- 

 land which yet extends beyond it for hundreds of miles 

 towards the Arctic. 



Northern Ontario contains an area of 330,000 square 

 miles, composed of eight great districts, with vast resources 

 of soil, timber, minerals and water power. There are 

 almost sixteen million acres of land suited to various 

 phases of agriculture. This area of diversified wealth 

 is of an equable climate as its latitude would suggest, and 

 conducive to healthy and comfortable living conditions. 

 As will be seen from the following, the development of 

 the past decade has been most startling, but this stands 

 merely as brief index to the great future in industry and 

 agriculture this area must inevitably experience. 



Early Mineral Discoveries 



In 1884, during the construction of the Canadian 

 Pacific Railway through Ontario, a deposit of copper ore 

 was discovered. It was opened on a c, mmerci il scale and 

 found to be a deposit of copper and nickel. Methods of 

 separating and refining were developed, and in this chance 

 discovery originated the great nickel industry of the con- 

 tinent. In a circular ledge round an area some thirty 

 miles by sixteen, is contained eighty-five per cent of the 

 world's entire supply of nickel. At varying periods along 



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