this ledge are to be found the mines operated by the three 

 large corporations, controlling the Canadian nickel industry. 

 The Sudbury district supplies two-thirds of the world's 

 consumption of nickel. Since 1887 approximately 17,000,- 

 000 tons of nickel-copper ore have been smelted in this 

 district, delivering 433,831 tons of nickel and 254,104 tons 

 of copper. 



North from the nickel producing area, the silver coun- 

 try, known the world over as the Cobalt region, is pene- 

 trated the globe's richest silver mining territory. This 

 thriving and extensive industry also had its inception in 

 a chance discovery. The Temiskaming and Northern 

 Ontario Railroad was projected as a colonization road 

 into the rich farming area to the north known as the Clay 

 Belt. In the autumn of 1903 the members of the railway 

 construction parties made a discovery which changed the 

 future traffic and purpose of the road when rich silver 

 deposits were located and a rush ensued. Ever since, the 

 district has been producing silver with substantial yearly 

 increments up to the year 1916 when the pinnacle was 

 reached, the war years and those of the aftermath regis- 

 tering somewhat of a decline. In its producing history 

 since 1903, the Cobalt area has accounted for silver ship- 

 ments aggregating more than 300,000,000 ounces valued in 

 the neighborhood of $200,000,000. 



Gold Mining Areas 



Further north again in Northern Ontario, the gold 

 mining country is encountered. It is difficult to define 

 this or set its boundaries as new discoveries are continually 

 extending the limits, leading to the belief that the past 

 ten years have barely taken a]small toll of what nature has 

 hidden away. 



Gold history in Ontario dates from the discovery of the 

 precious metal in the Porcupine area, which still remains 

 the prime provincial and Dominion producing area, though 

 the newer fields of Kirkland Lake, Larder Lake and others 

 are rivals in development and exceedingly full of promise. 

 The production of the Northern Ontario fields has in the 

 past decade elevated Ontario to the proud position of 

 the first gold producer of the Dominion. 



In this time the area has accounted for an output of 

 more than 4,000,000 ounces valued at above $73,500,000. 

 The province's production in 1921 was 707,470 fine ounces 

 valued at $16,322,629, and the extensive developments 

 which are taking place during the present year make the 

 attainment of a $25,000,000 production within the bounds 

 of possibility within the next year or two. Of last year's 

 total, $10,114,719 was shipped in bullion by the Hollinger 

 Mine of the Porcupine district, and in the last ten years 

 this unit has accounted for more than $50,000,000. This 

 year the Hollinger is expected to lead the world as an in- 

 dividual producer, exceeding the output of the Rand mines 

 of South Africa. 



The striking and gratifying feature about gold produc- 

 tion in Northern Ontario is that there is no exhaustion 

 yet in sight, as has rapidly transpired in the case of the 

 Yukon and other promising fields; instead of diminishing 

 in extent and value, the deeper mines go and the increas- 

 ing number of discoveries that are made promise more 

 remarkable things for the future. The Hollinger, for 

 instance, which is such a voluminous and rich producer, 

 is only as yet at the 950 foot level, whereas diamond 

 drilling down to 3 ,000 feet has disclosed the same promising 

 indications of valuable ore. 



Activity in Pulp and Paper Production 



Still another prolific resource of this wonderful terri- 

 tory lies in its vast forest stores of spruce and poplar, 

 which has brought about the creation of a thriving pulp 

 and paper industry which is expanding rapidly and bring- 

 ing many countries of the globe to its confines for their 

 supplies of newsprint and other paper. It is estimated 

 that there are 200,000,000 cords of pulpwood in Northern 



Ontario, and already dotted over the forest area and 

 utilizing this raw material, seven pulp and paper companies 

 have established plants which account each day for a com- 

 bined production of more than 1,100 tons of newsprint, 

 about 600 tons of groundwood and 700 tons of sulphite. 



The Abitibi company at Iroquois Falls alone produces 

 500 tons of newsprint per day and has in operation the two 

 largest paper making machines in the world. In Ontario 

 there is $109,169,597 invested in the industry, more than 

 10,000 people find employment in it, and in 1920 it had a 

 production of $113,415,866. 



Those who in their mind locate Canada's richest fur- 

 breeding ground in the far north-west will be surprised 

 to learn that Northern Ontario is, in reality, the first fur- 

 producing area of the Dominion. In the fiscal year 1920- 

 21, for instance, Ontario accounted for 734,493 pelts valued 

 at $3,038,560, considerably outdistancing other Canadian 

 areas, and practically all of this came from the northern 

 part of the province. The year was by no means a normal 

 one or typical of average production, and a clearer indica- 

 tion of the province's usual contribution to the fur indus- 

 try is found in the record of the previous year when it also 

 led the entire Dominion with an aggregate value of $6,414,- 

 917. 



Possibility of Agriculture 



Agriculture in Northern Ontario has been sufficiently 

 long established and exhibited a sufficient degree of pro- 

 gression to indicate the enormous possibilities of more 

 adequate settlement and the great future awaiting farming 

 in that territory. Thriving and prosperous farm settle- 

 ments are to be found tributary to such towns as Liskeard, 

 Englehart, Haileybury and Cochrane, but vast remaining 

 tracts await such enterprise as have developed the mining 

 districts. Most of the land is admirably adapted to mixed 

 farming and has such advantages as a plenitude of fuel 

 and fencing, shelter for stock, good water, beautiful scenic 

 conditions, employment in the winter months and available 

 markets for pulpwood. 



The most pronounced feature of Northern Ontario to 

 a traveller from outside is its modern aspect, the bustling 

 up-to-date towns, the elaborate business houses, the com- 

 fortable residences and tranquil living conditions. Should 

 he enter associating in his mind this territory with the 

 early days of the Yukon, Alaska, or California, he is speedily 

 disabused. The color and romance are there, but the 

 lawlessness, the disorder and discomfort are absent. 



The mining of precious metals has become an industry 

 for elaborate and expensive machinery instead of the spo- 

 radic efforts of lone miners. Gold and silver mines are 

 adjacent to modern, thriving towns, which have close 

 touch with the railroad and communication with the rest 

 of the world. Pulp and paper companies have bodily 

 created towns about the scenes of their operations. 



Railway and Urban Extension 



Railways penetrate the fastnesses with the progression 

 they bring in their wake and nowhere can one get far from 

 a railroad. Timmins is the premier gold mining town; 

 Cobalt the silver city; Sudbury the centre of nickel activity; 

 Iroquois Falls one of the thriving little burgs which'paper 

 companies have evolved about their activities. Farming 

 towns are many, all of a kind to be a credit to older and 

 any agricultural districts. 



Northern Ontario has an appeal to the traveller, the 

 tourist, sportsman, business man, and investor. In the 

 north of one of Canada's oldest provinces a new and 

 distinctly individual territory is being hewn out of primal 

 vastness. It is an area of tremendous wealth, the limits of 

 which new disclosures are constantly extending, and of 

 which adequate toll cannot be taken for many decades. 



The record of the past ten years in Northern Ontario 

 is a bid for fame possibly unequalled elsewhere in the 

 world. Its past achievement, its present diyersified|pro- 

 duction, its boundless future possibilities entitle it to the 

 fullest recognition and investigation. 



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