Livestock Situation. The livestock situation shows 

 little sign of improvement and it is generally anticipated 

 that the result of the new United States tariff will be the 

 compulsion of Canadian producers to find markets other 

 than the United States in other words Great Britain and 

 possibly the continent. Should the British embargo be 

 removed it is quite certain that feeder cattle will be dis- 

 posed of to the British feeder as stores, this as a temporary 

 measure, as there is no doubt the Canadian beef producer 

 will be forced to finish his cattle younger and place them 

 on the British market in a finished condition so as to reap 

 the greatest profit. 



Hog Situation. This has shown little improvement 

 so far and Canadian live hog prices are out of line with 

 export offers. A very strong effort is being made by the 

 Dominion Department of Agriculture and the Departments 

 of Agriculture of various provinces together with the 

 Canadian Pacific Railway to encourage the. farmers in the 

 production of bacon hogs suitable for British trade and it 

 is hoped that by fall some results will have been attained. 



The Okanagan Apple Industry 



From an annual production of a quarter of a 

 million boxes of apples in 1911 to over three 

 million boxes in 1921, is the remarkable record 

 of the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia. The 

 valley is pre-eminently suited for fruit culture. 

 Temperature, precipitation, soil, transportation, 

 markets, etc., are all in its favor. The construc- 

 tion of irrigation systems of considerable magni- 

 tude, has eliminated the danger of drought, and 

 has also had the effect of making it necessary 

 for the growers to cultivate their holdings 

 intensively in order to justify the expenditure. 

 The expansion of this industry can be attributed 

 to three causes: careful selection, packing and 

 handling; extensive advertising; and co-operative 

 selling organizations, controlled entirely by the 

 growers, which markets the greater percentage 

 of the apples produced in the valley. 



Packing has probably been the greatest 

 factor in popularizing Okanagan Apples. Of the 

 finest quality, these luscious bright-red apples 

 are each wrapped with a thin sheet of paper, 

 imprinted with the trade-mark of the organiza- 

 tion and the slogan "O.K." They are then 

 carefully hand-packed in small compact boxes, 

 which are also labelled. This neat, attractive 

 manner of packing apples has a psychological 

 effect on the consumer, to whom the idea of 

 purchasing apples individually wrapped in a 

 sanitary cover, with unbroken skins and at a 

 price for which he would have had to pay for an 

 apple picked indiscriminately out of a large 

 barrel filled with many varieties, and which may 

 be bruised and dirty is pleasing. 



Three Thousand Commercial Orchards 



Extensive advertising campaigns, setting 

 forth the quality, sanitary packing and moderate 

 price of Okanagan apples, are carried on every 

 year by the co-operative societies throughout 

 the districts where their product is sold, more 

 particularly in Western Canada. 



According to the Department of Agriculture 

 there were in 1920, 3,000 commercial orchards in 



the Okanagan Valley, on which there were 

 approximately a million apple trees. To handle 

 the produce of these fruit-ranches, the co-opera- 

 tive organizations have erected some sixty 

 packing houses in the Valley to receive apples 

 from the growers' wagons or trucks, weigh them 

 and issue receipts for weight, grade and pack the 

 fruit, store it, and load it into railway cars. 

 These plants are equipped with the most modern 

 machinery for the economic and efficient hand- 

 ling of apples. 



Prior to 1919, Western Canada consumed 

 practically the entire apple output of the 

 Okanagan Valley, but with increasing orchards, 

 scientific handling of trees, production increased 

 to such an extent that during the season 1921, 

 eighteen hundred carloads of apples, or 50 per 

 cent, of the valley's crop, were shipped to other 

 markets, of which the United States and Great 

 Britain were the most important. All exports 

 to the United Kingdom were despatched by 

 steamship by way of Vancouver and the Panama 

 Canal. In the United States shipments were 

 made as far East as New York. 



It is planned to develop these new markets 

 intensively, as with the Western Canadian 

 market unable to absorb the total production 

 and the crop annually growing larger, permanent 

 markets must be found if the industry is to be 

 run on a stabilized basis. If the enthusiastic 

 reception accorded to the initial shipment of 

 Okanagan apples in the United States and Great 

 Britain is to be taken as an augury, then there 

 seems little doubt but that these countries will 

 be able to take all the surplus apples grown in 

 the Okanagan for many years to come. 



Irrigation Legislation in Western Canada 



By James Colley, Secretary, Western Canada 

 Irrigation Association, Calgary, Alberta 



Irrigation received a considerable share of the 

 attention of the members of the Alberta Legis- 

 lature during the session that has just closed. 



Bills making provision for the guaranteeing 

 of the bonds of the United Irrigation District 

 and the Macleod South Irrigation District were 

 passed and a section was added to the Irrigation 

 Districts Act 1922, giving power to the boards of 

 trustees of irrigation districts to accept listings 

 of lands within their respective districts and to 

 conduct negotiations for the sale or other disposal 

 of these lands, subject to the general control of 

 the Irrigation Council. 



In the case of the United Irrigation District 

 the government guarantees amounts to $645,000. 

 The district covers an area of 61,195 acres, of 

 which 23,000 acres are irrigable, between the 

 Waterton and Belly Rivers and west of the Blood 

 Indian Reserve in Southern Alberta. 



The bill for the South Macleod District 

 embracing an area of approximately 96,000 acres, 

 of which about 60,000 acres may be considered 



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