there appears to be a likelihood of good tonnage 

 both for Pacific and Coast business. Coast 

 factories are active, wholesale business fair, with 

 collections not up to standard, but gradually 

 bettering; the outlook therefore, can be sized up 

 as reasonably good. 



After all there is the impression abroad of 

 better times and important factors in the business 

 world, the banks, loan and mortgage companies 

 are looking at the situation in this light, which 

 undoubtedly has assisted in creating a more 

 hopeful outlook. There is a feeling that such 

 an attitude is justified and it is believed that 

 results will show favourable conditions, now 

 under expectation, duly proven during the next 

 few months. 



Queenston-Chippawa Development 



Canada is a land of big things not only by 

 reason of possessing within her confines certain 

 natural resources in excess of other countries 

 but also by feats of engineering and construction 

 which equal anything yet achieved elsewhere. 

 Now at Queenston, Ontario, she posseses a great 

 hydro-electric plant, with an ultimate capacity 

 of 600,000 horse-power, in the Queenston- 

 Chippawa development. When, just previous 

 to the new year, Premier Drury of Ontraio 

 turned a brass hand controller letting the water 

 into one of the huge penstocks and setting in 

 rythmic motion the machinery, he performed 

 the last act of three years achievment of some of 

 the best brains in the electrical world, the indus- 

 try of thousands of workers and an expenditure 

 of eighty millions of dollars. 



The Chippawa-Queenston Hydro Power 

 Canal development is the latest contribution to 

 the electric power supply of Ontario by the 

 Hydro Electric Power Commission of the prov- 

 ince under Sir Adam Beck. It is part of the 

 Niagara development system and with its ulti- 

 mate capacity of 600,000 horse-power will be 

 the largest electrical plant in the world. The 

 project was first planned in 1910 and though a 

 beginning was made in 1914 it was not until 1917 

 that actual construction was begun to meet a 

 grave power shortage created by the war demand 

 for munitions and other war material. At 

 times more than eight thousand men were en- 

 gaged upon the project which, it is estimated, 

 will ultimately cost in the neighborhood of one 

 hundred million dollars, 



Canal from Chippawa to Queenston 



The power canal runs from Chippawa to 

 Queenston. The intake is from the Niagara 

 river at Chippawa above the falls and for four 

 and a half miles it follows the Welland river 

 which has been widened. Through the river 

 section the water is led to the Control Works at 

 the upper end of the canal which stretches to the 

 Power House at Queenston where water is 



returned to the Lower Niagara river. The canal 

 miles in length, but of this only about 



s 



miles is constructed canal. 

 There is an effective "fall" of 327 feet, and 

 for every cubic foot of water that flows through 

 the canal per second, thirty horse-power will be 

 developed as compared with sixteen horse-power 

 at Niagara Falls. The power house is 650 feet 

 in length and 160 feet high. Large hydraulic 

 turbines of 60,000 horse-power each, have been 

 installed, and two of the five generators now to 

 be installed are operating. They run at 187^ 

 revolutions per minute. 



An achievment for Canadian Engineering 



The completion of the Queenston-Chippawa 

 development project is a signal achievment for 

 Canadian engineering and a notable addition to 

 those features of accomplishment which young 

 Canada is steadily making. It is a further step 

 to utilize the tremendous water-power resources 

 of which the country is possessed, and which 

 makes projects of such development possible. 

 Great advantages are accruing to the province 

 as a result of this development. The progress 

 of the utilization of hydro-electric power in 

 Ontario can be gauged from the fact that whilst 

 in 1910 there were 10 urban municipalities using 

 750 horse-power there were, in 1921, 236 munici- 

 palities and 44 townships, with a total of 265,000 

 customers, using 305,247 horse-power. 



On the basis of this amount of power being 

 used ten hours daily for 300 days yearly, the 

 annual saving to Canada in coal, which would 

 require to be imported from the United States 

 to develop 300,000 H.P., would be equivalent to 

 at least 150,000 tons or $750,000, if taken at a 

 value of $5.00 per ton. 



Canada's Hydro Progress 1921 



Hydro-electric development according to The 

 Canadian Engineer was very active during the 

 past year and as a result nearly 300,000 horse- 

 power were installed, bringing the total in 

 operation up to 2,775,980 horse-power. Of this 

 amount Ontario accounted for 174,000 h.p., or a 

 total installation of 1,212,650; Quebec 90,000, 

 1,015,385; Manitoba 14,000, 97,247; Nova 

 Scotia 13,000, 46,948; New Brunswick 9,000, 

 30,180. In British Columbia, Alberta, Prince 

 Edward Island, Yukon and North West Terri- 

 tories, while there was little power actually 

 installed, several plants were in the course of 

 construction or under consideration. The amount 

 of turbine installation in horse-power in these 

 provinces in 1921 was 305,315, 33,187, 1,869 and 

 13,199 respectively. An idea of the amount of 

 hydro-electric power installed in Canada may be 

 gleaned from the fact that at the end of 1920, 

 according to the Dominion Water Power Branch, 

 there was 194% more developed water-power per 

 capita in Canada than in the United States. 



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