Manitoba 11,583; Nova Scotia 2,031; New 

 Brunswick 1,846; and Prince Edward Island 292. 

 This does not include 5,292 Indians in the 

 Yukon and North-west Territories. 



Value of Farm Products 



Farming was the principal source of income 

 during the year under review. The total value 

 of farm and livestock products was $3,945,174, 

 which was distributed as follows: Alberta $566,- 

 730; British Columbia $927,889; Manitoba $230,- 

 053; New Brunswick $10,160; Nova Scotia 

 $27,460; Ontario $939,709; Prince Edward 

 Island $3,500; Quebec $355,595; and Saskat- 

 chewan $884,078. The area of land actually 

 under cultivation was 221,800 acres, an increase 

 of 3,800 acres over the preceding year. Despite 

 unfavorable climatic conditions, 1,488,000 bushels 

 of grain were harvested, as well as 610,900 

 bushels of roots and 151,026 tons of hay. 



In addition to their agricultural income, 

 they received the sum of $2,726,773 for labor; 

 $284,863 from land rentals and timber; $1,046,- 

 760 for fishing; $860,494 hunting and trapping; 

 $702,575 annuities paid and interest on Indian 

 Trust Fund; and $1,103,910 earned from other 

 industries and occupations. This brings the 

 total income up to $10,670,549, which based on 

 population means an income of approximately 

 $105.95 per capita. 



Lumbering operations on the Indian reserves 

 were carried on very extensively during the year, 

 approximatingly fifty -eight million board feet 

 being cut. In addition to timber cut for sale, 

 the Indians themselves cut approximately ten 

 million b.f.m. of timber for building and fencing 

 purposes and 20,000 cords of fuel for domestic 

 use, besides an unreported quantity of material 

 for the native manufacture of snowshoes, axe- 

 handles, hockey sticks and baskets. Forest 

 conservation work carried out during the year 

 involved the disposal of slash, elimination of 

 fire hazards, closer utilization of timber and the 

 salvage of diseased, infected or fire-killed timber. 

 In all cases Indians were employed as fire rangers 

 or timber guardians on the reserves. 



Industrial and Boarding Schools 



Large sums of money have been expended 

 by the government in erecting commodious, 

 up-to-date Indian schools, and in securing the 

 best academic and techanical instructors. During 

 1921, 326 schools of all classes were in operation, 

 of which number 253 were classified as day 

 schools, 58 boarding and 15 industrial. There 

 was an enrolment of 7,775 in the day schools, 

 3,156 in the boarding schools and 1,627 in the 

 industrial schools, making a total for the year of 

 12,558 pupils. To maintain these schools, the 

 Governemnt expended the sum of $1,112,409 

 about half of which was for boarding schools. 

 It is interesting to note that in addition to the 

 above sum, the various tribes contributed 

 another $47,296. 



The Indians also did their share in the war, 

 and their usefulness as "snippers" and "runners" 

 to the Canadian forces was invaluable. At the 

 termination of the war many took advantage of 

 the soldier settlement scheme to purchase farms. 

 One hundred and eighty loans have been granted 

 for this purpose and there are a considerable 

 number under consideration. The total outlay 

 to-date is $321, 269, of which sum $18,496 has 

 been repayed. It is not expected that the 

 total loans under this scheme will exceed 

 $1,000,000. 



The Growth of Manitoba 



The province of Manitoba occupies a peculiar status 

 in the Dominion of Canada. Generally included in that 

 vast territory known broadly as "the West" it was the first 

 settled area of that territory, the agricultural settlement of 

 Lord Selkirk taking place in 1821, and in history and 

 tradition it goes farther back than those provinces between 

 it and the Pacific Coast. As originally created into a 

 province, it comprised afi area of only 13,500 square miles. 

 This has been increased by adding territory to the north 

 until it now occupies 253, 720 square miles, and is in size of 

 about the same extent as Saskatchewan and Alberta. 



Its wonderful wheat product first brought it fame, 

 making the name of Manitoba Hard known wherever 

 milling wheat is in demand. This rapidly spread to other 

 agricultural products and of recent years the province has 

 made strides in mining, industry and other activities which 

 have attracted widespread attention and promise her a 

 future more brilliant than even the most sanguine pre- 

 viously held out for her. 



According to the last census report, the province of 

 Manitoba increased in population from 455,614 in 1911 to 

 613,008 in 1921, a growth for the decade equivalent to 

 34}^ per cent. The trend of progress in any area may 

 generally be seen in the manner people flock to it and this 

 one concrete instance of growth may be taken as indicative 

 of the monster strides Manitoba has been taking in every 

 phase of her provincial activity. No proper estimate can 

 be placed on her natural wealth for though those known 

 are extensive and diversified they are continually being 

 added to by fresh discoveries and developments. 



First Developemnt Agricultural 



The first permanent development of Manitoba was 

 agricultural and farming has maintained its precedence 

 over all other industries in spite of their sudden rise and 

 rapid growth. The agricultural settlement being largely 

 accomplished previous to the opening of the last decade, it 

 could hardly be expected to exhibit more than the ordinary 

 normal development of a settled area. 



Yet a substantial increase in acreage and production 

 has taken place in this period. Wheat in 1910 occupied 

 2,760,371 acres and produced 34,125,949 bushels; in 1921 

 39,053,980 bushels were produced from 2,226,376 acres. 

 There were 416,016 acres devoted to barley in 1910 pro- 

 ducing a crop of 6,506,634 bushels; last year, 19,681,645 

 bushels were produced from 1,043,144 acres. In the same 

 period the acreage devoted to flax increased from 34,684 

 to 61,689 and the production from 176,675 to 544,675 

 bushels. The 1910cropof potatoes was 2,865,839 bushels; 

 in 1921 it was 5,858,212 bushels. 



Manitoba is a prairie province there being but few 

 timbered areas and the few hill districts which contain 

 quantities of standing timber have been set aside as 

 Dominion forest reserves. Whilst there is very little 

 utilization of this timber as a commercial enterprise, 

 timber tracts are of great value locally to settlers who find 

 multifarious uses for the product of the reserves. There 

 is however a small commercial business which in 1912 

 produced 39,535,000 F.B.M. of lumber worth $545,356; 

 100,000 shingles worth $200; and 1,418,000 lath valued at 



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