especially in combination with imported hard coal. It is 

 not intended to obviate, by this means, or even expected, 

 the necessity of coal importation but to curtail foreign 

 buying, spend the money which would otherwise go out 

 of the country, on the development of a Canadian resource 

 and develop a source of fuel supply should, for any reason, 

 the supply of hard coal be suddenly cut off. 



Prince Edward Island Fisheries 



In common with other industries, the fisheries 

 of Prince Edward Island suffered during 1921 by 

 the general trade depression and the United 

 States "emergency tariff." While the quantity 

 of fish caught last year was well up to the average 

 the market was in an unstable condition and in 

 consequence prices obtained were considerably 

 less than those prevailing during the preceding 

 year. Altogether $862,826 were obtained for 

 the catch which is a considerable reduction from 

 the 1920 figures of $1,730,285. 



Lobsters were the most important fish caught 

 by the Island fishing fleet, and were valued at 

 $649,299. Of this amount canned lobsters 

 accounted for $629,600; tomally lobsters $1,075, 

 and lobsters sold in the shell $18,624. It was 

 the custom of the fishermen to take the biggest 

 share of their catches of lobsters direct to Boston, 

 but the advent of the United States "emergency 

 tariff" has effected this market to some extent. 

 ' Smelts and trout came next in value, and of these 

 $68,081 worth were caught. Herring and mac- 

 kerel were valued at $59,506; haddock and hake 

 $54,940; oysters $25,669; caplin and eels $4,837; 

 and tommy cod and clams $494. 



Capital Invested 



The total capital invested in the fishing 

 industry of Prince Edward Island last year 

 amounted to $757,912. Of this sum by far the 

 largest portion was expended on lobster traps, 

 which accounted for $239,555. Lobster can- 

 neries and equipment were second in value, 

 being worth $183,795, closely followed by 

 vessels and boats, $176,098. Piers and wharves 

 represented an investment of $68,000; nets 

 $55,734; small fish, smoke and ice houses $23,- 

 350; trawls and hand lines $11,300. 



Prince Edward Island is univerally known 

 as the home of the Black Fox industry, while as 

 an agricultural producer, she ranks high with 

 her sister provinces, but the extent to which she 

 is dependent upon her fisheries is slightly compre- 

 hended. Of a population totalling 88,615, 

 2,903 persons, both men and women, or approxi- 

 mately one in every twenty-nine of population, 

 are employed either in the canneries, unloading 

 vessels, or as fisherman, In nearly all cases each 

 of these employees has one or more persons 

 dependent upon them, and the success or failure 

 of the fishing catch naturally has a very marked 

 effect on the business conditions of the^Island. 



Canada's Herring Fishery 



The herring is one of the world's most im- 

 portant food fishes an estimate of the world's 

 yearly herring catch by the Department of 

 Fisheries, placing it at three billion fish or half 

 that number of pounds. The finest species are 

 found, and most prolifically, in North American 

 seas, particularly the colder waters of the North 

 Atlantic, and scattered throughout these at one 

 and the same time, are scores of shoals any one 

 of which would go a long way towards supply- 

 ing the whole of man's present day consumption 

 of herring. When one considers their high food 

 value and palatability, and the fact that they 

 are obtainable in abundance all the year round, 

 it is striking that exceedingly small amounts of 

 herring are used fresh on the continent. There 

 is room here for an educative campaign to be 

 followed by vigorous business action. For the 

 reason that it has not yet attained the popularity 

 it deserves in this country, adequate toll has 

 never been taken of the herring fishery. 



On the American side of the Atlantic where 

 the herring catch has not assumed the importance 

 it has long held in Europe, the fishery is entirely 

 a shore fishery. The species obtains in as great 

 abundance off the American shores as in the 

 North Sea, but Canadian fishermen have never 

 found conditions sufficiently inducing to invest 

 in special equipment to fish offshore. 



The herring is nevertheless an important fish 

 in Canada and in the fisheries' revenue each year 

 accounts for a substantial amount following 

 only the salmon and cod. The catch in 1918 

 amounted to 1,764,223 cwts. valued at $2,295,61 1 ; 

 in 1919 it was 1,506,961 worth $1,624,730; and 

 in 1920, 2,146,986 cwts. valued at $2,012,638. 

 In the twelve months of 1921 841,575 cwts. were 

 taken which sold for $632,941. 



Atlantic and Pacific Fishing Grounds 



The Canadian herring fishery is prosecuted 

 off both Atlantic and Pacific coasts the methods 

 used being by means of brush-weirs, gillnets and 

 torching. The herring fishery on the Canadian 

 Atlantic coast extends from Newfoundland to 

 Cape Cod, while the stretch from the Bay of 

 Fundy southward is practically a continuous 

 fishing ground. Approximately two thirds of 

 the total Dominion catch is produced on the 

 Atlantic coast where they are mostly pickled 

 and smoked. The latter are known on the 

 market as "Kippered herring," or "Bloaters" 

 if they are unsalted and half dried in the smoke- 

 house. A comparatively small quantity is 

 canned. 



On the Pacific coast the species of herring is 

 very similar and prevails in great abundance 

 about Vancouver Island. Here the catches are 

 so heavy that a boat load not infrequently totals 



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