one hundred and fifty tons and it is not unusual 

 to have to release the end of the net and dump 

 one half of the catch in the sea in order to re- 

 trieve the remainder. Pacific herring is mostly 

 dry salted and shipped in boxes to the Orient 

 where an extensive market has been developed 

 for it. A small quantity is canned but the 

 proportion of the pack treated in this way is 

 increasing every year. 



Though the Atlantic catch as a rule exceeds 

 that of the Pacific, British Columbia is the 

 heaviest producer its proportion in 1920 being 

 in excess of one million cwt. New Brunswick 

 accounted for about half a million cwt. and 

 Nova Scotia and Quebec each for about half this 

 amount. The catch of Prince Edward Island 

 was relatively small. 



Large Export Trade 



The Canadian herring would appear to be 

 more in favor in other countries than at home 

 and annually large quantities are exported mak- 

 ing a brisk and steady trade. The fish leaves 

 Canada in a variety of forms, fresh, frozen, 

 canned, dry salted, pickled and smoked. In a 

 canned state they go to the United Kingdom and 

 United States, Australia, Brazil, British Guiana, 

 Jamaica and Trinidad. The dry salted in 

 addition go to Hong Kong, China and Japan; 

 the pickled to Barbados, Dutch Guiana and 

 Porto Rico. The total exports in 1918 amounted 

 to $2,974,282; in 1919 to $3,799,105; in 1920 to 

 $3,409,498; and in 1921 to approximately the 

 same amount. 



The extent to which the herring prevails in 

 Canadian waters and the wide favor its high 

 food value and palatableness ha\e won for it 

 urge a greater domestic consumption and more 

 vigorous efforts to expand the foreign markets. 

 Thousands of men find employment at the present 

 time in the fishery and tributary curing estab- 

 lishments; the catch is strictly limited to inshore 

 fishery which indicates the possibilities of the 

 extent of the catch and the employment created, 

 were greater exploitation justified. 



The Forests of the Yukon 



The products of the forests of the Yukon have 

 played no mean part in the developmentof that 

 area and it may be enlightening to learn that the 

 timber cut of this territory amounts annually to 

 a substantial aggregate. Few people, unfamil- 

 iar with this northern adjunct of the Canadian 

 Dominion, have any conception of the extent 

 of the Yukon's wooded area and a writer in the 

 Canadian Forestry Journal pithily describes the 

 woods to be found there and their economic 

 values. Arboreous growth in the far north is, 

 of course, slow and the length of time it takes 

 to produce a tree of commercial or economic 

 proportions is naturally much longer than in 

 areas farther south. 



The principal forest trees of the Yukon are 

 white and black spruce, balsam, poplar, and 

 birch. These occur on the mountain slopes up 

 to twenty eight hundred feet above the rivers 

 and lakes. The white spruce is the most 

 valuable tree and furnishes good timber for 

 mining and building purposes. The best groves 

 of these trees are found on the islands or the 

 alluvial flats along the rivers, but good specimens 

 have been encountered on the slopes of the hills 

 to a height of two thousand feet above the rivers. 

 As one goes farther north the spruce deteriorates 

 in both appearance and size. 



The balsam fir occurs only on the valley 

 slopes mixed with spruce, beginning at an ele- 

 vation of twelve hundred feet and continuing 

 upward to the limit of the trees. Occasionally, 

 in various parts of the territory, Jackpine is 

 encountered, though this tree is comparatively 

 rare of occurrence. Other trees which prevail 

 on the river flats in quantities are cottonwoods, 

 aspen, alder, spruce, and willows. 



Cut in Last Fiscal Year 



Up to the end of the last fiscal year, a total of 

 two hundred and twenty million feet of lumber 

 were cut in the Yukon territory in addition to 

 three hundred and fifty thousand cords of wood 

 on which Crown dues were paid. The Crown 

 has received in dues for timber cut in the Yukon 

 territory about $611,000. The above figures 

 are, however, no indication of the total cut as 

 wood, logs and lumber used for mining purposes 

 are not subjected to Crown dues and the amount 

 used for such purposes can only be estimated. 



Timber is not exported from the Yukon but 

 its local value is inestimable and the territory 

 could not have arrived at its present state of 

 development without the aid of its forest resour- 

 ces. The great rush of miners and prospectors 

 in 1898 was followed by a demand for lumber to 

 build houses, sluice boxes and other mining 

 equipment which saw the establishment of saw- 

 mills at Dawson City, Selkirk and Whitehorse. 

 Wood also formed the main fuel supply and is 

 still used along the rivers for this purpose by 

 steamboats. Mining is practically the only 

 industry in the Yukon and logs and poles are 

 used for cabin construction, timbering shafts and 

 tunnels and previous to the introduction of 

 modern machinery and power, for a greater 

 variety of uses. A rough estimate of the total 

 cut would be six hundred and sixty million feet 

 of timber and more than one million cords of 

 wood. 



The development of the Yukon territory is 

 only in its infancy; there are tens of thousands of 

 square miles not yet prospected, vast mineral 

 wealth undeveloped, and large areas of magnifi- 

 cent grazing lands capable of raising thousands 

 of head of cattle. 



