voluminous demand for Alberta, Saskatchewan and 

 Manitoba fish has been created in New York and Chicago 

 and finds its way into the households of a hundred other 

 middle western and eastern cities. The traffic is growing 

 in volume from season to season as the high quality of the 

 product does its own advertising, and a valuable export 

 business is being built up which promises to reach impor- 

 tant proportions. 



All the waters of the North- West teem with a wide 

 variety of fish, and such exploitation as has been effected 

 on these waters, even in the absence of the rigorous pro- 

 tective measures which are in force, would scarcely bring 

 about any noticeable depletion, in view of the almost 

 limitless resources. With the world's most expansive and 

 prolific sea fisheries off her coasts, the annual toll of which 

 is also merely a minute portion of what might be taken, 

 Canada takes sscond place to no country in her fishery 

 resources. They constitute one of her potentially richest 

 assets which would go a long way towards feeding the 

 world. Increase of population, further commercial 

 exploitation and the development of markets, will steadily 

 bring about a more adequate annual toll and production. 



Maritime Forest Products Industries 



More than seventy per cent of the area of the province 

 of New Brunswick is forest land, or roughly about thirty- 

 two acres of timber for every person in the province. 

 Crown forest lands comprise 7,500,000 acres, or more than 

 half the forest area of the province, whilst it is estimated 

 that 4,500,000 acres are owned by large companies. 

 Forests of farmers' woodlots and of small owners aggre- 

 gate about a million acres. So far it has not been possible 

 to arrive at even an approximate estimate of the extent of 

 standing timber. A considerable portion of the province of 

 Nova Scotia is most suited for forest growth, the timbered 

 area being estimated at 7,812 square miles. There are no 

 real forests in Prince Edward Island, timber occurring 

 only in small isolated stands, many of which are merely 

 farmers' lots, and the material is sawn almost entirely 

 by small neighborhood or customs mills. 



With these rich forest resources it can readily be 

 imagined that the forest products industries of the Mari- 

 time provinces of Canada constitute a most important 

 industrial activity of that area. It is, in fact, the first 

 industry of New Brunswick, the second in Nova Scotia, 

 and the fifth in Prince Edward Island. Taking the three 

 provinces together, a total of nearly forty million dollars 

 is invested in eight hundred plants, of which two hundred 

 and fifty, capitalized at thirty-two million dollars, are in 

 New Brunswick. Over twelve thousand people of the 

 Maritimes are engaged in the various phases of the in- 

 dustry, receiving in wages and salaries the sum of seven 

 million dollars and accounting for a production in excess of 

 thirty-five million dollars. 



Many Logging Plants and Sawmills 



In the year 1920 there were in New Brunswick 69 

 plants engaged in logging operations and 224 sawmills 

 working. In the sister province of Nova Scotia there 

 were 117 logging outfits and 476 sawmills. The capital 

 invested in forest operations was, New Brunswick $44 477 - 

 410; Nova Scotia $789,143; Prince Edward Island $700. 

 The corresponding capital in mills operations was $33,437,- 

 543; $8,203,251; and $187,327. A total of 8,000 employees 

 engaged in sawmill operations received $6,500,000 in 

 wages and 3,500 engaged in logging were paid $2,700,000. 



In Nova Scotia the most important single item of 

 forest products is ordinary sawn lumber. There are 

 besides pulp, cordwood, railroad ties, barrel staves, pit 

 props, ship timber, box shocks, laths, and shingles. A 

 considerable amount of hardwood is used in the manu- 

 facture of furniture, clothes pins, shoe lasts, shoe pegs, etc. 

 The marketing o' the provinces' substantial fish and apple 

 crops each year accounts for the consumption of large 

 quantities of barrel staves. 



In New Brunswick, whilst sawn lumber still constitutes 

 a very important item in the province's forest products 

 industry, it is being rapidly outstripped by pulp and paper 

 in the value of production. Modern mill machinery has 

 had the effect of centering the manufacture of lumber in 

 large plants mainly at the seaports, as has been the case 

 in other industries, and about seventy-five per cent of the 

 province's lumber is so produced where it can be most 

 conveniently and expeditiously shipped. Upwards of a 

 million railway ties are made each year out of New 

 Brunswick jackpine, cedar, hemlock and tamarac for 

 Canadian railways, whilst several thousand cedar telephone 

 poles from the same source find uses within the Dominion 

 annually. 



Prince Edward Island's principal trees are spruce, 

 balsam, fir, birch, hemlock, and white pine, and whilst 

 this little province's cut does not figure largely in the 

 Maritimes' total, hardwoods form about thirteen per cent 

 of the total cut. 



Development in Pulp Manufacture 



The greatest forest products development which has 

 taken place since the beginning of the century, or more 

 exactly in the past decade, has been in the manufacture 

 of pulp. New Brunswick has now five pulp mills produc- 

 ing sulphate, sulphite, and groundwopd pulp. In the last 

 year for which records are available this province produced 

 89,069, tons of which it exported 82,356 tons valued at 

 $10,707,313. The total wood used in the year, mainly 

 balsam and fir, amounted to 180,723 cords, worth $2,553,- 

 613. Nearly twenty million dollars was invested in this 

 particular branch of the industry which employed about 

 fifteen hundred men and paid them nearly two million 

 dollars. 



In Nova Scotia there are six pulp mills, which in the 

 same year had a production of 23,384 tons, of which the 

 entire amount was exported at a selling price of $1,067,455. 

 A total of $1,067,455 was invested in the pulp industry, 

 which gave employment to more than five hundred em- 

 ployees receiving in wages and salaries $332,795. 



The marketing of pulpwpod in the Maritimes has 

 meant closer utilization than is possible in sawmill opera- 

 tions, and in higher valuation of timberlands, especially in 

 young growth and the smaller diameters. It has meant 

 increased prosperity for the settler and the farmer and 

 yearly employment for more men at the mills. It has, 

 however, also meant a considerable reduction in the supply 

 of spruce and fir, and in the next few years machinery will 

 in all probability be introduced which will make possible 

 the utilization of other species of wood. 



The forest products industries of the Maritimes are 

 first in order of importance in that rich area, and with the 

 tremendous resources at their disposal should for years, 

 and indeed for all time, occupy the important place in 

 Dominion activity they at present hold. To effect this 

 they must be conserved, safeguarded, and intelligently 

 utilized, and these things the provincial governments are 

 ensuring, as far as lies within their power, by continually 

 extending the scope of forest fire precautionary measures, 

 by sane cutting legislation, and by confining the export of 

 raw pulp and unmanufactured timber to that cut upon 

 privately owned lands. 



British Capital Coming Back. 



There are many signs at the present time whose 

 significance, taken together, would justify Canada in con- 

 fidently anticipating a speedy return of the times when a 

 large portion of the surplus capital of the British Isles 

 found an investment outlet in Canada. Many conditions 

 are contributing to bring about this desirable state of 

 things, by no means the least of which is the vigorous 

 jump sterling has taken in an attempt to regain a 

 position somewhere near its normal value. Should this 

 suffer no serious relapse, there is every indication that a 

 dominant interest and faith in the Dominion will bring 

 about a considerable expansion of British investment in 

 Canada, for interest is being evinced by investors in methods 



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