For the purposes of the grain trade, Canada has been 

 divided into two main inspection divisions, the Western 

 and the Eastern, the dividing line falling just east of Port 

 Arthur. Of the Canadian wheat crop of 1920, amounting 

 to 263,189,300 bushels, a total of 235,059,827 were 

 produced in the western division. Stocks on hand were 

 4,580,228 bushels, and imports amounted to 269,892 

 bushels, making a total flow into the western pool for the 

 crop year of 239,909,947 bushels. The quantity of wheat 

 disposed of for commercial purposes in the western 

 division that is, shipped out of, or milled within, the 

 division amounted to 187,998,634 bushels. Shipments 

 out of the division amounted to 163,964,892 bushels, 

 distributed as follows: Exports to the United States 

 46,272,438 bushels; exports to the United Kingdom and 

 other countries 37,717,742 bushels; exports to the eastern 

 division 79,668,563 bushels. The quantity milled for 

 consumption in Canada amounted to 21,404,712 bushels 

 and 2,935,179 bushels were milled but exported in the 

 form of flour. In addition it is estimated that 38,900,860 

 bushels were retained for seed and 5,257,073 bushels 

 carried in store to the following year's crop. 



Shipments through Terminal Elevators 



The primary movement of Western wheat is from the 

 farms to the terminal elevators at the lake ports of Port 

 Arthur and Fort William. From here 24,239,986 bushels 

 were moved by rail and 123,059,577 by water. Of the 

 latter 55,270,869 bushels went to the Canadian ports of 

 Goderich, Midland, Montreal, Port Colborne, Port 

 McNichol, Quebec and Tiffin, and 67,788,708 to United 

 States points Buffalo, Chicago, Cleveland, Duluth- 

 Superior, Erie, Port Hudson and Toledo. A total of 

 37,251,394 bushels were exported direct from Fort William 

 and Port Arthur to countries other than the United States 

 via United States seaboard ports. 



The total quantity of wheat entering the eastern pool 

 was 113,694,140 bushels, made up of 79,668,563 bushels 

 from the west, 28,129,473 bushels of eastern crop, and 

 5,267,363 bushels carried over from the previous year 

 together with imports of 322,572 from the United States. 

 Shipments out of the eastern pool to the United States 

 amounted to 2,941,113 bushels; to other countries via 

 Canadian seaboard ports 32,300,876; to other countries 

 via United States ports 16,941,616 bushels; a total of 

 52,183,605 bushels. Mill grindings for domestic consump- 

 tion were 18,074,160 bushels, and for export 28,054,341, a 

 total of 46,128,501 bushels. The total disposed of com- 

 mercially was 98,312,106 bushels. Of the balance 1,806,282 

 bushels were required for seed and the carry over at the 

 end of the crop year was 2,599,732 bushels. 



The eastern exports of 32,300,876 bushels went out 

 through Montreal, Quebec, North Sydney, Halifax and 

 St. John, Montreal handling 25,784,113 bushels of the 

 total. Other exports through Canadian ports were 

 466,329 bushels from Vancouver and 20 bushels from 

 Dawson, making a total export of 32,767,225 bushels of 

 wheat passing through Canadian points. The total 

 export of wheat to the United States for consumption 

 amounted to 49,213,551 bushels. Exports to the United 

 Kingdom and other overseas countries amounted to 

 86,960,235 bushels. The total exports of wheat from 

 Canada amounted to 136,173,786 bushels, or approximately 

 fifty per cent of the total crop. 



The Wheat Crop of 1921 



These figures all refer to the movement of the 1920 

 crop up to the end of navigation in 1921. The Canadian 

 wheat crop of 1921 amounted to 300,858,100, or approxi- 

 mately 38,000,000 bushels in excess of that of the previous 

 year, this addition being available for export. Whilst 

 part of this crop is still being marketed and statistics of 

 exports cannot be secured, there are important changes to 

 be noted in the movement of the wheat crop as not only 



having a bearing on the marketing of this crop but the 

 Canadian crops of succeeding years. 



The United States tariff on agricultural produce whilst 

 not affecting the bulk of the grain going to United States 

 points for re-shipment, did seriously curtail shipments to 

 that country for consumption, and has the effect of divert- 

 ing a large part of this traffic to Canadian ports. 

 Canadian ports in the same year found greater fa- 

 vor in the eyes of United States shippers as outlets for 

 their grain, and Oriental importers came to purchase 

 almost entirely the hard wheat of Canada, whereas pre- 

 viously they had been satisfied with the softer varieties of 

 the United States. Then trial shipments in the previous 

 year had proved the practicability of shipping wheat to 

 Europe via the Panama canal from the Pacific coast, 

 resulting in a further diversion of the 1921 crop and 

 altogether changing the status of the Port of Vancouver. 



The Port of Montreal achieved a record in 1921, but 

 already in June of this year was approaching the figures of 

 August last year. Vancouver, which in the previous year 

 accounted for paltry shipments aggregating 466,329 bushels 

 of wheat, has shipped over 7,000,000 bushels already this 

 season, nearly half of which has gone to England via the 

 Panama. 



Occupying the Attention of Parliament 



As will be noted, the greater volume of Canada's wheat 

 exports is accustomed to find its outlet through the ports 

 of the United States due to their advantages in elevator 

 accommodation, marine insurance rates, and the cheapness 

 of lake transportation over Canadian ports, resulting in 

 a loss to Canadian transportation and other interests. 

 This is occupying the serious attention of the Canadian 

 parliament, to be followed by the application of remedies 

 in as far as possible where they are needed. There seems a 

 tendency, however, at the present time, for the situation 

 to gradually right itself with the steady development of 

 Canadian ports and their increasing accommodations and 

 conveniences. From May 1st to December 1st, 1921, 

 grain arriving at the Port of Montreal for export totalled 

 140,036,445 bushels, a volume in excess of all other Atlantic 

 ports combined from Halifax to Philadelphia and Newport 

 News, including the Port of New York. A surprising 

 feature of this trade was the increase in the traffic from 

 the United States for export through the St. Lawrence 

 port, wheat increasing from eleven and a half millions in 

 1920 to twenty-seven and a half in 1921 and corn from 

 85,816 bushels to 25,178,581 bushels. The diversion to 

 Vancouver may be considered almost entirely that of crop 

 which would have found outlet through the United States. 

 Altogether, whilst the existing situation is not particularly 

 desirable from a Canadian point of view, the extensive 

 developments which are taking place in all Canadian ports 

 should go far towards gradually relieving the situation and 

 giving the Dominion in an increasing extent the export of 

 her wheat from her own seaboard. 



Industrial Outlook in Western Canada 



There has been a steady improvement in 

 business conditions throughout the West during 

 the spring and summer months, practically all 

 lines showing increase in volume, with mainte- 

 nance of price levels. Crop conditions warrant 

 confidence in Fall trade, making the outlook for 

 the remainder of the year one of fair average 

 proportions. 



Construction work for the first six months 

 of the year has been largely confined to the 

 building of residences; out of a total of $21,049,- 

 200 the sum of $7,772,200 is credited to houses 



149 



