mills, printing, brush and brooms, fish and 

 sardine plants, flour mills, biscuit factory, con- 

 fectionery, tannery, oil plant, bag and box 

 factory, wool and hides, brewery and cigar 

 factory. Between 1917 and 1919 the number of 

 industrial establishments in St. John increased 

 from 237 to 307; the capital invested from 

 $24,343,720 to $26,129,347; employees from 

 5,694 to 5,855, and the value of production from 

 $24,630,917 to $40,263,494. 



Despite St. John's long establishment, the 

 many rich resources about it are only partially 

 developed, and exceptional advantages for the 

 location of new industries are offered by the city. 

 Among these are pulp and paper mills. The 

 port posseses very fine facilities for the collection 

 of raw materials and for the shipment of manu- 

 factured products to Europe and the United 

 States. Equally unique opportunities present 

 themselves for the manufacture of textiles and 

 engagement in the steel shipbuilding industry. 



St. John combines a location of great utility 

 with beauty of surroundings in a most striking 

 manner, and the city is deserving of much 

 greater attention from manufacturers, exporters, 

 tourists and visitors of all kinds. It is one of 

 the old-world spots of Canada, and as such is 

 unduly conservative in broadcasting its many 

 attractions, which in many ways surpass those 

 of points further inland to which new arrivals 

 hasten, regarding the old city merely as the 

 country's gateway. Visitors of all descriptions 

 will enjoy discovering St. John and its enchant- 

 ing environs. 



Technical Education in Nova Scotia 



By Prof. F. H. Sexton, Halifax, N.S. 



Nova Scotia was the first province to establish a 

 comprehensive system of technical education. In April, 

 1907, the legislature provided for a Technical College and 

 a whole series of secondary technical schools. These have 

 all been developed during the fifteen years that have 

 elapsed since then, so that they are to-day ministering to 

 industrial workers in all the most important towns in the 

 province. 



The Technical College is the centre and head of the 

 system. It provides for the training of technicians, 

 engineers, and leaders in industry. In order to prevent 

 undue duplication and overlapping the college entered into 

 an agreement of affiliation with the five colleges and 

 universities in Nova Scotia and Mount Allison University 

 in New Brunswick. By virtue of this the four year college 

 course for engineers was split into halves. The general 

 training in science, mathematics, English, drafting, 

 surveying of the freshman and sophomore year is given 

 in each of the affiliated institutions. Each of these had 

 the staff and equipment to carry on the work adequately, 

 but would have had to go to enormous expense if each 

 had prepared for the full four-year course. The profes- 

 sional training of the junior and senior years is carried on 

 by the Technical College. Here the staff and equipment 

 is provided by the Province in the four basic branches of 

 engineering, viz. civil, mechanical, electrical and mining, 

 and students may graduate thence with the degree of 

 bachelor of science. 



Half a Million for Improvement 



Up to date about $500,000 has been spent on buildings 

 and equipment for the college, and it stands as a thorough, 

 scientific well-staffed institution for engineering training. 

 The college keeps in intimate contact with the industries 

 of the province and carries out industrial research and 

 commercial testing of materials, ores, etc., in order to aid 

 efficient production and the utilization of the rich natural 

 resources of Nova Scotia. The graduates are found on 

 the staffs in every important industry in the provinca and 

 some of them have attained to prominent positions in the 

 wider fields of the rest of the Dominion and the United 

 States. 



In order to assist industry in the proper development 

 of bosses, foremen, and superintendents, the college has 

 instituted a wide range of subjects such as electrical 

 machinery, technical chemical analysis, steam engineering, 

 metallurgy, assaying, architectural drafting, etc. for a 

 period covering the first three months of each year. Am- 

 bitious men who had to leave school at an early age and 

 who possess qualities of leadership in industry often find 

 the path of promotion blocked because they do not 

 possess certain technical knowledge. They often are 

 highly skilled mechanics, but do not have acquaintance 

 with the fundamental theory or science to advance to a 

 higher position. For these men, the short courses open the 

 locked door to success, because the only requirements for 

 entrance are a public school education and practical 

 experience in industry which fits them to profit by the 

 instruction. 



A Wide Range of Courses 



Each man can take only one course and all day through- 

 out the day he devotes all the time for three months to 

 lectures, recitations and laboratory work in this one sub- 

 ject. A special corps of instructors who have all had 

 thorough training and long practical experience is provided 

 for these short courses. The students presenting them- 

 selves for instruction run from twenty to forty years in 

 age and all are in deadly earnest. The amount of know- 

 ledge absorbed by these adults is hardly short of marvellous. 

 They take their newly acquired knowledge back to their 

 jobs and it is not long before they begin to forge ahead. 

 Some of these short course students in a few years have 

 climbed to positions quite as important as if they had had 

 a full college course. 



The Technical College also has a correspondence study 

 division which offers a wide range of courses to those who 

 cannot leave their daily work in order to improve their 

 knowledge. The work offered covers a multitude of 

 courses in general education, commercial and salesmanship 

 courses, industrial and scientific courses, training for 

 college matriculation and homemaking instruction. All 

 of the courses are divided into short complete units so 

 that each individual may start on the plane where he is 

 fitted to begin and can stop when his ambition or his needs 

 are satisfied. The work is carefully adapted to the require- 

 ments of the people living and working in the province 

 and each case receives the most careful individual attention. 

 All of the courses are sold to the students at cost. In this 

 manner the service of the college can be carried to the 

 most remote hamlet, farm or lumber camp. 



Evening Secondary Courses 



The most widespread effort in the realm of secondary 

 technical education consists in a system of evening 

 technical classes and schools which are maintained in 

 almost every town of any industrial importance and every 

 colliery town in the province. The classes are held through- 

 out the six winter months from October 1st to May 1st. 

 The kind of instruction, the number of classes, etc., varies 

 according to the dominant industrial activities in the 

 different localities. Instruction in practically any technical 

 subject is organized where ten students are found to attend 

 a class and an instructor can be obtained. The teachers 

 are recruited mainly from the ranks of foremen, superin- 

 tendents, and the technical staff of the industries and the 



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