work is always intensely practical. The range of instruc- 

 tion covers such subjects as business English, bookkeeping, 

 stenography and typewriting, shop mathematics, mechani- 

 cal drawing, machine drawing, machine design, architec- 

 tural drawing, building construction drawing, architectural 

 design, estimating, car building design, structural steel 

 drafting, ship drafting, elements of electricity, direct 

 current machinery, alternating current machinery, gasoline 

 engines, automobile repair, general chemistry, metallurgical 

 chemistry, technical chemical analysis, steam engineering, 

 marine engineering, navigation, garment making, dress- 

 making, millinery, cooking, home management, land 

 surveying, coal mining methods. 



Local Advisory Committee 



In every town a local advisory committee is formed of 

 employers, business men, school commissioners, and 

 representatives of organized labor. This committee acts 

 as a guide and stimulus to the technical school. The 

 classes are practically free because each student has only 

 to pay a deposit of $3.00 as an evidence of good faith and 

 this is returned at the end of the session on the basis of 

 the student's attendance. The opportunity lies at the 

 threshold of every worker to acquire an education that 

 will make him a more effective and intelligent producer 

 without losing an hour's wages. Thousands of ambitious 

 men and women flock to these classes every year and large 

 numbers of those in responsible positions to-day attribute 

 a great part of their success to the knowledge gained in 

 these schools. Men in the coal mines who hold directive 

 positions have to qualify by passing government exami- 

 nations before they receive certificates of competency. 

 The evening schools in all the colliery towns give the 

 necessary training to enable the miners to qualify for such 

 examinations and certificates. Consequently nearly all of 

 the managers, underground managers and overmen in the 

 mines are native Nova Scotians and former students of 

 these schools. 



Progress Steady and Sure 



Trade training and day technical classes have not yet 

 been developed to any great extent in Nova Scotia. The 

 whole development of technical education in this country 

 has been of such recent origin that the best methods of 

 full-time or part-time instruction of youths for gainful 

 occupations have only recently begun to be standardized. 

 It appears that industry itself will nave to take some share 

 in this burden and that a good part of the learner's time 

 will have to be spent in a factory in regular commercial 

 production. Modified apprenticeship systems suitable to 

 modern conditions will nave to be evolved which are fair 

 both to industry and to the learner. The time is ripe now 

 for such a co-operative effort. Employers must have 

 skilled workers, and it is not just to expect that a few 

 corporations or the public school system will produce all 

 of them. 



Technical education as it has been developed so far in 

 Nova Scotia has proved to be of great benefit to the 

 province, to industry, and to the individual worker who has 

 availed himself of the advantages offered. It is practically 

 the only thing which has been whole-heartedly endorsed 

 by both employer and employee. The progress in this 

 branch of education has been steady and sure. In the days 

 of bitter commercial competition between the nations 

 which are immediately ahead, technical education is 

 clearly one of the most powerful instruments for success 

 which civilization has yet developed. Great strides are 

 being made possible by the generous assistance of the 

 Dominion to the provinces for the extense'on of vocational 

 training, but greater efforts must be put forth in the 

 future by industry itself in co-operation with school 

 authorities to ensure the adequate training of its workers 

 so that Canada may maintain itself in the economic 

 struggle and win that place which her resources together 

 with intelligence and capacity of her people entitles her to 

 assume. 



A Well- Balanced Population 



Canada's total population, according to the 

 final figures of the sixth census published by the 

 Bureau of Statistics, is 8,788,483, an increase of 

 1,581,840 over the figures returned at the 1911 

 census, representing a gain for the decade of 

 2 1 .95 per cent. This is to be compared with an 

 increase of population amounting to 34.13 per 

 cent between the census enumerations of 1901 

 and 1911, due consideration being taken of the 

 fact that the last decade included the war years 

 with their substantial death-roll and their 

 virtual cessation of immigration and the imme- 

 diate post-war era of restriction and discourage- 

 ment of the same tide. 



Canada's population exhibits a fairly even 

 balance between urban and rural residents, the 

 rural population of Canada being returned at 

 3,924,328 and the urban at 3,280,444. This is a 

 trait peculiar to Canada among the Dominions 

 of the Empire and is an indication of the general 

 manner in which Canadian natural resources 

 are being exploited and developed in conjunction 

 with the settlement and cultivation of agricul- 

 tural lands. Whilst agriculture continues as 

 Canada's prime industry, first in all respects, 

 the Dominion is also developing as a manufac- 

 turing country, not alone for domestic needs 

 but with an eye to an expansive export trade, 

 and a continuance of the balance of population 

 is evidence of the manner in which the destinies 

 of agriculture and industry are interwoven and 

 progress hand in hand. 



Rural and Urban Population 



In the past decade the rural population of 

 Canada has increased by 13.12 per cent whilst 

 the urban has increased by 32.57 per cent. 

 This is against respective increases of 17.16 per 

 cent and 62.65 per cent in the previous decade. 

 Whilst agriculture received an earlier start in 

 Canada the real growth of industry in the 

 Dominion has taken place in the past twenty 

 years, following the success of farming develop- 

 ment and the increasing needs of the country. 



The figures of the 1921 census very clearly 

 illustrate the development of Western Canada 

 in the same period at a rate out of all proportion 

 to other sections of the Dominion. After show- 

 ing the leading increases at the 1911 census, 

 they led again in 1921 by a wide margin, Alberta 

 having increased its population by 57.22 per 

 cent, in the decade, Saskatchewan by 53.80, 

 British Columbia by 33.66, and Manitoba by 

 32.23 per cent. The three Prairie Provinces in 

 the ten-year period increased their population 

 from 1,720,183 to 2,480,664, by 760,481, or more 

 than 44 per cent. In this prime agricultural 

 area in the past ten years the rural population 

 increased by 47.52 per cent and the urban by 



154 



