48.48 per cent., showing that even in this area 

 there are other important factors besides wheat 

 and cattle. 



With the exceptions of the provinces of 

 Ontario and Quebec, which have been developing 

 at a rapid rate as the industrial areas of the 

 Dominion, all the provinces have in varying 

 proportions a superiority of rural residents over 

 urban. The balance of population throughout 

 the country is, in fact, a satisfactory one as 

 indicating the continued supremacy of farming 

 over all other activities combined with, at the 

 same time, a maintenance of healthy progress 

 along the lines of manufacturing in which the 

 Dominion is making only a, less strenuous 

 bid for national importance. 



Exploiting New Quebec 



The provincial government of Quebec is taking 

 steps for the organization of an expedition into the Ungava 

 territory, or as it should now be known, New Quebec, the 

 first object of which will be the establishment of a series 

 of posts or stations from which later on the great task of 

 exploring the region and gathering information regarding 

 its topography, rivers and streams, resources of timber 

 and minerals, will be carried on. An innovation in Cana- 

 dian exploratory work will be the introduction of wireless 

 telephony, a system of communication which, from the 

 outset, will eliminate many of the inconveniences and 

 hardships of the pioneer work. The advance party will go 

 out during the summer and establish a base of operations 

 at Hamilton Inlet on the coast of Labrador. 



It is just ten years since the boundaries of Quebec 

 Province were extended to take in the territory of Ungava, 

 which lay immediately north of the province, embracing 

 all the mainland with the exception of the north-east 

 coast, which, under the name of Labrador, fell to the juris- 

 diction of Newfoundland. The territory thus transferred 

 in 1912 from the Federal government to Quebec comprised 

 some 351,780 square miles, which gave Quebec a total 

 area of 703,653 square miles, making it by far the largest 

 province of the Dominion. 



As Yet an Undiscovered District 



Ungava, or New Quebec, is yet to all intents and 

 purposes an undiscovered country, such fragmentary and 

 meagre information as is available being the result of 

 exploration of a most rudimentary character. Except 

 for white settlements along the Gulf of St. Lawrence and 

 on the Atlantic coast, and a few whites employed by the 

 Hudson's Bay Company, the entire inhabitants are either 

 Indians or Eskimos. The territory of New Quebec has a 

 population of about 14,300, of whom 3,500 are Indians and 

 2,000 Eskimos. The white population is chiefly French- 

 Canadian, obtaining a livelihood mainly from the coast 

 fisheries, which is supplemented by hunting and trapping 

 in the winter months. 



Sufficient information is, however, available to indicate 

 this territory's possession of a great wealth of natural 

 resources of many kinds, and this it is which has decided 

 the provincial government upon its commercial penetration. 

 Topographically the country is profusely dotted with 

 thousands of lakes, hundreds of which have surface areas 

 of from twenty to one hundred square miles. These are 

 connected by a veritable network of rivers and streams, 

 forming an unexcelled system of transportation in which 

 portaging is practically unknown. These routes are rich in 

 water-powers, which will add considerably to the province's 

 already tremendous aggregate in this regard. Climatically 

 the temperature ranges from cold temperate on the 

 southern coasts to Arctic on Hudson Strait, and it is 



generally so rigorous that it is doubtful if the country will 

 ever be fit for agriculture, though the soil is generally a 

 rich mixture of sand and clay. 



Forest and Mineral Wealth 



Forest is continuous over the southern part of the 

 peninsula, though north the region is treeless, woods being 

 only found about the margins of small lakes or in the 

 valleys of rivers. The range of the various trees depends on 

 many factors, but the following are found in large quantities 

 in the southern area: birch, aspen, balsam, poplar, cedar, 

 Jack-pine, white spruce, black spruce, fir and ta- 

 marac. Though hardly a commercial asset at the 

 present time, these constitute a valuable possession, and 

 in the future the trees of the more favorable portions will 

 be profitably worked into lumber and also provide material 

 for pulp and paper mills. 



The merest observation has disclosed indications of a 

 great hidden mineral wealth, and that this has already 

 attracted widespread attention is evident from the fact 

 that several mining experts backed by British capital have 

 gone up into that territory this summer to make surveys 

 and prospect. It is thought that gold probably occurs in 

 many quartz-veins which have been encountered. Silver 

 has been found associated with lead and occurring in 

 quantities of economic value in bunches of galena. Occur- 

 rences of copper-pyrites are reported as fairly common. 

 There are immense deposits of magnetite, hematite, and 

 siderite in widespread distribution, which it is considered 

 will be of great economic importance at a future date. 

 Mica occurs frequently. Ornamental stones of many 

 varieties are found over the area. Limestones, considered 

 excellent for building purposes, are known as well as 

 cement rocks and grindstones. 



Fish and Fur Abundant 



Practically all the numerous lakes of the territory are 

 stocked with food fishes, of large size and superior quality, 

 including lake and brook trout, land-locked and sea-run 

 salmon, whitefish, pike, pickerel, suckers and ling. Cod 

 is taken off the coasts in large quantities and salmon is 

 plentiful in the coast waters. 



One of the outstanding resources of New Quebec is 

 fur, an asset of which a comparatively small toll is yet 

 taken. Probably more valuable fur-bearing animals are 

 to be found in this area than other sections of Northern 

 Canada, because included in the species are the purely 

 Arctic and pelagic types. Animals found extensively 

 there include the lynx, wolf, Arctic wolf, red, cross black 

 and silver fox, marten, fisher, weasel, mink, wolverine, 

 otter, black and polar bear, walrus and many species of 

 seal. Small bands of reindeer are to be found, whilst 

 cariboo range unmolested, suggesting the establishment of 

 further ranching enterprises of these two valuable animals. 



The work being undertaken by the Quebec Government 

 is of purely a preliminary nature with the object of sub- 

 sequently having on hand reliable data on the territory's 

 assets as soon as exploitation is considered justified. 

 The merest cursory observations leave no doubt as to the 

 immense wealth of New Quebec, and it is merely a matter 

 of time before the furnishing of adequate transportation 

 facilities and the introduction of capital will bring about a 

 development productive of as much and varied a wealth 

 as any other area of the Dominion. 



Land of Home Owners 



Probably the most dominant of man's 

 instinctive desires is to own his place of residence. 

 Perfect contentment and satisfaction do not 

 become the lot of the farmer until he is sole 

 owner of the land he yearly tills and until the 

 harvest he garners is wholly his. So it is the 

 first of all aims among city dwellers to purchase 



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