necessary raw materials are situated in Nova 

 Scotia or Newfoundland, making a thoroughly 

 self-contained industry, entirely British as to the 

 origin of raw material and manufacture. 



Canada's Tobacco Industry 



Though tobacco has been successfully grown in the 

 Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, on the irrigated 

 lands of Southern Alberta, in Southern Manitoba, and on 

 other sections of the Prairies, the only important tobacco 

 producing areas of the Dominion are to be found in the 

 provinces of Ontario and Quebec, and these are the only 

 ones of which account is taken in obtaining the figures of 

 commercial production. 



Previous to the outbreak of the war, the average acreage 

 devoted to tobacco growing in Canada was between 

 9,000 and 10,000 acres and the normal production between 

 10,000,000 and 12,000,000 pounds, divided in fairly even 

 proportion between Quebec and Ontario. Under the 

 stimulated production of the war years, which affected 

 tobacco in common with other crops, the acreage sown to 

 tobacco was much increased and the annual yield multi- 

 plied many times. In 1919 from 31,586 sown acres a 

 total yield of 33,770,000 Ibs. was received, with an average 

 of 1,069 Ibs. per acre, a very low one for Canada. The 

 year 1920 was a record-producing one for Canada, a yield 

 of 48,088,500 Ibs. being received from 53,114 acres, the 

 average of 905 Ibs. per acre being a relatively poor one. 



With the general depression of trade which followed 

 in the wake of the war and the almost universal disorgan- 

 ization of markets, Canadian growers found they had 

 achieved an over-production of tobacco, and much of the 



1920 crop had to be held over until the following year. 

 The natural result was that 1921 saw a vastly diminished 

 acreage sown to this crop. Ontario, from 6,553 sown 

 acres, returned an average of 1,091 Ibs. per acre, or a 

 total of 7,121,962 pounds. Quebec secured an average of 

 1,166 Ibs. per acre from 5,256 acres, or a total of 6,127,000 

 Ibs. The total commercial tobacco crop of Canada for 



1921 was 15,248,962 Ibs., or less than half of that of 

 1919 or 1920. The crop was considered one of the best 

 the country ever had, and had a total estimated value for 

 both provinces of $2,393,190 as compared with $5,893,275 

 in 1920. 



125 Tobacco Factories 



In the year 1920 there were in Canada 125 tobacco 

 factories, those manufacturing tobacco only numbering 

 24, those making cigars 86, those engaged in cigarette 

 manufacture 2, whilst 13 plants combined in the production 

 of different branches. Quebec and Ontario, being the 

 principal producers, naturally led in manufacture, the 

 former with 61 factories and the latter with 42 plants. 

 British Columbia had 13, Manitoba 3, Nova Scotia 2, 

 Alberta 2, Prince Edward Island 1, and New Brunswick 1 

 factories. In 1919 there were 144 factories in operation, 

 the drop in 1920 being attributable to the short tobacco 

 crop. Quebec has 41 plants manufacturing cigars and 

 cigarettes and 20 making smoking tobacco. Ontario has 

 38 engaged in the making of cigars and cigarettes and 4 in 

 tobacco. British Columbia's 13 plants are all engaged in 

 cigar and cigarette manufacturing. Manitoba nas two 

 cigar and one tobacco plant and Nova Scotia one of each. 

 Both Alberta plants are -engaged in making cigars and 

 cigarettes, whilst New Brunswick's plant is engaged in the 

 same line and that of Prince Edward Island in tobacco. 



At the end of the year 1920, which was at the height 

 of the period of depression, a total of $47,322,571 was 

 invested in all the Canadian tobacco industrial establish- 

 ments, $33,966,154 being invested in cigar and cigarette 

 plants and $13,356,437 in tobacco factories. A total of 

 1,438 men and women found employment in the trade 

 and received $5,841,303 in wages and salaries. All plants 

 in that year accounted for a production of $74,652,188 

 in value. 



The activities of the Canadian tobacco industry are 

 largely confined to an endeavor to supply and satisfy the 

 domestic market. During the years of the war, with the 

 voluminous needs of the allied armies in the field, Canada 

 built up a substantial export trade in manufactures of 

 Canadian tobacco. In the fiscal year 1919 these exports 

 amounted to $5,394,535 and by 1920 had dropped to 

 $3,688,181. The full effects of the reaction, however, were 

 experienced in 1921, when the total export trade in tobacco 

 dropped to a value of $210,844. The exports for the 

 fiscal year ended March, 1922 show a slight increase in 

 value over the previous year, amounting to $259,629, 

 which, taking into account the decline in prices, represents 

 an increased volume of trade. 



Imports Valued at $10,000,000 



Against this export trade stands a formidable import 

 list amounting in value in the last fiscal year to 21,360,669 

 pounds valued at $9,947,903, as compared with 20,504,163 

 pounds valued at $14,356,294 in 1921, a somewhat larger 

 volume though the value had decreased. Cigarettes, 

 chiefly from Great Britain, were on the increase, last 

 year's imports from England totalling 20,247 pounds and 

 from other countries 6,889 Ibs. The Cuban cigar is declin- 

 ing in favor of the Canadian- made, according to import 

 figures, only some 13,000 pounds of Cuban cigars being 

 brought in last year, or just half the quantity imported 

 in the previous year. 



The possibilities of the tobacco industry of Canada 

 may be estimated when these import figures are considered 

 in conjunction with a decline in the production of the 

 Canadian leaf by more than a half. Canada has nothing 

 to fear by comparison, for experts have adjudged the 

 quality of the Canadian leaf as equalling anything in the 

 world. There is room for expansive development in the 

 export trade also. As the war years proved, Canada can, 

 without undue effort, produce a much larger volume of 

 the raw leaf and she possesses fine modern factories for 

 its manufacture. Trade figures show that raw leaf exports 

 were last year double the quantity exported the previous 

 year, going almost entirely to Great Britain. With care 

 paid to the development of the export trade the Canadian 

 tobacco industry is one of great potentialities. 



The Commercial Value of Poppy Seeds 



Anyone who has travelled through the 

 Canadian Rockies and sojourned at beautiful 

 Lake Louise will remember with interest the 

 vivid spalshes of red, yellow, purple and orange 

 the multi-colored beds of Iceland poppies that 

 decorate the charming grounds of the Chateau. 

 Seen against the azure waters of Canada's most 

 picturesque lake with the snow-crowned glaciers 

 of Mounts Victoria and Lefroy beyond and set 

 in emerald velvet lawns, sloping gently to the 

 shore, the effect to the eyes of the \isitor is 

 striking indeed. 



There are many varieties of poppy both 

 annual and perennial, all beautiful in garden 

 decoration, many valuable for commercial pur- 

 poses. From the crushed seeds of the latter, 

 first and second grade oils for the manufacture of 

 soap, varnish, etc., are produced. Nor is growth 

 confined to the Rocky Mountains. For com- 

 mercial purposes, the garden or opium poppy is 

 cultivated on many prairie farms in Central 

 Alberta and Saskatchewan. The Western Cana- 

 dian Slavic or Ruthenian settlements in Alberta, 

 in particular, include the cultivation of the poppy 



167 



