The first is the most important, because it creates an 

 inland waterway from the Atlantic, nearly 1,000 miles in 

 langth. The main canal on this system, the Sault Ste. 

 Marie, connects Lake Superior to Lake Huron, the St. 

 Clair River, Lake St. Clair, Detroit River and Lake Erie 

 with Port Colborne. The Welland Canal which is near- 

 ing completion, twenty-six miles in length connects 

 Port Colborne with Port Dalhousie. From Port Daihousie 

 there is deep-water navigation to the St. Lawrence, where 

 a system of canals, aggregating forty-six miles in length, 

 carries traffic to the harbour of Montreal. Coupled with 

 the admirable east and west system of railways, this inland 

 waterway is of distinct value to Canada as a trade route 

 for bulk commodities. 



Shipping 



The chief port of Eastern Canada is Montreal, where 

 facilities for handling freight, grain, passengers, etc., are 

 unequalled on the American continent during the season 

 of navigation. During the season of 1921, over 140,000,000 

 bushels of grain passed through the port, a volume in excess 

 of all other Atlantic ports combined from Halifax to 

 Newport News. Quebec is of almost equal importance. 

 These ports, situated on the St. Lawrence River, are 

 utilized during the spring, summer and fall. They have a 

 great advantage in mileage to European ports, to which 

 the distance from Montreal and Quebec is very much less 

 than from New York. Na\ igation down the St. Lawrence 

 being in sheltered water, the proportion of travel across 

 the open ocean is reduced by about one-third. 



St. John, N.B., and Halifax, N.S., are the principal 

 Atlantic winter ports, and Sydney, Cape Breton, is an 

 important point for coal shipments. On the Pacific coast, 

 Vancouver has one of the finest harbors in the world, from 

 which several large steamship lines have regular sailings 

 to Australian, New Zealand, Indian and most Oriental 

 ports, as well as frequent sailings of cargo vessels, including 

 South Africa and via the Panama Canal to Europe. 



Passenger and freight services to Europe are provided 

 by a large fleet of steamships operated by the Canaoian 

 Pacific Railway under the name of The Canadian Pacific 

 Steamships, Lta., and the White Star Dominion and 

 Cunard-Anchor- Donaldson Lines. The Canadian Pacific 

 Steamships, Ltd., also operates a fleet of passenger and 

 freight steamships on the Pacific with sailings to Oriental 

 ports, the Philippines, Australia and New Zealand. 



Obvious Advantages for Export Trade 



Many other lesser companies maintain services to 

 Southern Europe, China, Japan, Australia and the Orient. 

 A development of interest to snippers was the creation of 

 the Canadian Government Merchant Marine, Ltd., a 

 fleet organized during the war period to assist Canada's 

 overseas trade. They are administered by the Canadian 

 Government Railways. 



Everything considered, transportation from Canadian 

 markets is adequate. The manufacturer or exporter has 

 at his disposal admirable railway facilities, a unique inland 

 system of waterways, a number of important ocean ports 

 on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts and at the head of 

 the St. Lawrence, and, in addition to Canadian, certain of 

 the major steamship lines of Europe and America. 



In conjunction with satisfactory transportation and 

 shipping facilities, Canada affords obvious advantages for 

 export trade with certain foreign countries. A branch 

 factory in Canada is geographically valuable to a manu- 

 facturer whose market is in North and South America, 

 the Orient or Australia. The manufacturing possibilities 

 of Canada merit the closest consideration not only because 

 of intrinsic conditions in respect of power, climate and 

 material, but also because the European, Far Eastern and 

 South American trade is readily accessible from her ports. 



The Malt Liquor Industry 



Those not intimately in touch with the exist- 

 ing situation might confidently conclude that 

 the special conditions which have characterized 

 the past few years, both in the Canadian 

 Dominion and in the United States, would have 

 spelt inevitable disaster to the Canadian brewing 

 industry. The reverse would seem to be the 

 case, however, and the industry is in a most 

 flourishing condition, exhibiting greater activity 

 than ever. The curious situation exists in 

 Canada that whilst the prohibition of the sale of 

 liquors is a matter of provincial decision and 

 legislation, manufacturing is carried on under 

 Federal Government charters. The Canadian 

 trade in lager, ale and beer, after having shown 

 consistent increases over a number of years, 

 continues to make progress as illustrated in the 

 1922 trade figures. Whilst imports have naturally 

 declined to a fraction, exports exhibit substantial 

 annual increments. 



There are 57 breweries in Canada, of which 

 20 are found in Ontario, 13 in British Columbia, 

 10 in Quebec, 5 each in Alberta and Manitoba, 

 2 in New Brunswick, and 1 each in Saskatchewan 

 and Nova Scotia. The capital invested in these 

 plants amounts to $37,494,396, there being more 

 than $10,000,000 added in capitalization between 

 1919 and 1920. A total of 558 persons find 

 employment in the industry, receiving salaries 

 and wages totalling $1,089,664. The cost of 

 materials used in the year 1920 in the industry 

 was $12,525,107 and the value of production 

 $29,695,850. 



Thirty-Five Million Gallons Produced 



The production of the year 1920 consisted of 

 beer, ale, stout and porter, in barrels, to the 

 extent of 18,267,628 gallons; the same beverages 

 in bottles to the extent of 16,622,905 gallons; 

 114,910 bushels of malt; 15,610 bushels of malt 

 extract; grains to the extent of $219,592; 

 aerated water amounting to $453,759; and other 

 products accounting for a value of $142,883. 



The growth of the brewery industry in 

 Canada is strikingly shown in the trade figures 

 of the past ten years. Whereas in 1912, 1,459,747 

 gallons of ale, porter, lager and other beer were 

 imported into Canada and 1,59.3 gallons exported 

 from the country, in the year 1921, imports had 

 decreased to 66,738 gallons and exports had 

 increased to 793,172 gallons. The total value 

 of exports, which go in small quantities to the 

 United Kingdom and United States, and in 

 larger quantities to Bermuda, Hong Kong, 

 Newfoundland and other countries, was for the 

 past year $912,964. 



Cattle Embargo Door Ajar 



The United Kingdom embargo against Canadian 

 cattle is apparently to be removed, bringing to a successful 

 conclusion thirty years of effort and appeal on the part of 

 Canadian governments ana Dominion agriculturists. 



169 



