discoveries in 1921 gave it a record production 

 of the surprising total of 393,617 ounces, sur- 

 passing its previous best year, when 360,101 

 ounces were smelted. 



Conditions in Canadian silver mining have 

 been dull over recent years, but a remarkable 

 revolution has taken place, and future prospects 

 are bright indeed. New discoveries over a wide 

 area have proved the continued existence of the 

 mineral in Canada, and better prices and working 

 conditions have initiated much development 

 with profitable expectations. There is every 

 reason to believe that the enhanced production 

 figures in sight at the end of 1922 form only a 

 single step in many gradients ascending to a 

 new record. 



Developing Saskatchewan Clays 



Ceramic experts predict that the Province 

 of Saskatchewan will become the leading clay- 

 producing area of the Dominion because it has 

 a greater variety of clays than any other province 

 of Canada, and that with development Saskat- 

 chewan should, in the manufacture of pottery 

 and clay products, attain first importance. 

 These clays range all the way from the lower 

 grades used in the manufacture of bricks and tiles 

 to a kaolin which burns as white as, if not whiter 

 than, the best British product. As soon as 

 financial conditions warrant it, the provincial 

 authorities are bent on taking steps for the 

 development of these deposits, which will give 

 Saskatchewan its rightful place in ceramic 

 manufacture. 



For some time it has been known that 

 Saskatchewan possesses clays which give it a 

 peculiarly distinctive place in Canadian indus- 

 trial life. To promote a knowledge of these 

 deposits and encourage their development a 

 course of ceramics was included some time ago 

 in the curriculum of Saskatchewan University 

 and a ceramic engineer secured who had a wide 

 experience not only in tuition but also in field 

 work among clays and in designing and construct- 

 ing plants for the manufacture of brick, tile and 

 other clay products. This accomplished a 

 definite step forward in rendering available for 

 commercial enterprise some of the valuable and 

 extensive clay deposits of the province. 



A Great Variety of Clay 



The classes of clay found in Saskatchewan 

 are fireclay, brick and tile clays and earthenware 

 clay. The first occurs at Eastend, Readlyn, 

 Willows and Claybank; the second at Bruno, 

 Estevan, Arcola, Weyburn, Pilot Butte, Clay- 

 bank, Shand, Broadview and Eastend; the third 

 at Readlyn, Willows and Eastend. Fireclays 

 are used generally and extensively on industrial 

 furnaces, blast furnaces, basic open hearths, 

 furnace linings, above slag line for flues, boiler 

 settings, linings of stoves, household grates, etc. 



Earthenware clays are used in the manufacture 

 of building brick, paving brick, sewer pipe, drain 

 tile, building tile, chimney lining, chimney tops, 

 etc. Earthenware clays are used in the manu- 

 facture of pottery such as crocks, jars, churns, 

 porcelain ware, blocks for flooring, architectural 

 terra cotta, etc. 



Extensive work undertaken has definitely 

 proved Saskatchewan clays to be the equal of 

 deposits anywhere, justifying greaterdevelopment 

 and the establishment of pottery industries in 

 the province. Exhaustive tests have been made 

 with Eastend clay in the ceramic laboratories, 

 New York, in making chinaware, porcelain, 

 terra cotta, etc., and all were highly satisfactory. 

 No plant for these wares has yet been established 

 in Saskatchewan, and all chinaware and pottery 

 of every description have to be imported. A 

 total of 170 carloads of clay were shipped from 

 Eastend to Medicine Hat, Alberta, in the past 

 year, to be manufactured there into brick, tiles 

 and pottery. 



Will One Day be Great Industry 



It is self-evident that opportunities exist in 

 the Province of Saskatchewan for entering upon 

 the exploitation and commercial development of 

 these valuable clay deposits, which are, for the 

 main part, accessible to good transportation 

 facilities and other industrial requirements. 

 Canada's imports of clay and clay products in 

 the fiscal year 1921 amounted in value to $10,- 

 781,592 and in 1922 to $6,778,365, whilst the 

 Dominion's exports of these products were of 

 the insignificant amount of $323,989 in the 

 former year and $257,624 in the latter. In 

 1920 Western Canada alone used more than 

 $28,000,000 worth of clay products in addition 

 to its share of $4,000,000 of crockery imported 

 into Canada. In the Province of Saskatchewan, 

 brick and tile buildings in excess of $8,000,000 

 in value are erected each year, the material for 

 which has to be imported, over the value of 

 approximately $300,000, which is the extent to 

 which this province, with such valuable deposits, 

 contributes in manufacture. 



The present centres of the clay maHufactur- 

 ing industry in Canada are S.W. Ontario, St. 

 John, New Brunswick, St. Johns, Quebec, 

 Vancouver, B.C., and Medicine Hat, Alberta, 

 the latter point depending entirely upon Saskat- 

 chewan deposits for its raw material. These 

 five points are responsible for practically the 

 entire Canadian ouptut of clay products. The 

 Medicine Hat industry, drawing its clay from 

 Saskatchewan, has made such aggressive progress 

 that it is now accounting for seventy-five per 

 cent of the Dominion output and going a long 

 way towards supplying the prairies with certain 

 clay products. 



Saskatchewan, which contains very favorable 

 locations for the establishment of clay manufac- 

 turing plants, hasas yet no clay industries., But 



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