form of aeroplane work has proved so popular 

 that additional seaplanes are needed at the 

 Jericho air station in British Columbia to fill 

 demands for air surveys of fire-swept areas, 

 customs patrol, and transportation of men and 

 equipment. 



The most outstanding feature of the report 

 was the remarkable increase in freight or express 

 carried, which rose from 6,740 pounds in 1920 

 to 77,850 pounds in 1921, an increase of several 

 hundred per cent. The statistical summary of 

 aviation in Canada shows that the number of 

 firms operating decreased from 35 in 1920 to 31 

 in 1921. The number of flights 18,671, mileage 

 422,462 and total duration of 6,505 flying hours 

 in 1920, dropped to 10,385 flights, 294,449 miles 

 and 4,347 hours in 1921. The number of 

 passengers in the same period decreased from 

 15,265 to 9,153. 



Air stations have been erected in the majority 

 of the provinces of the Dominion by the Federal 

 Government, and it is proposed to have stations 

 in all provinces in the near future, so that an 

 aviator flying across country will be able to 

 descend at any of these air harbors and secure oil, 

 gasoline, spare parts, etc., if in need. There are 

 other schemes underway for the advancement. of 

 commercial flying in Canada, and the com- 

 parative freedom from airplane accidents in 

 the latter part of 1921 has done much to restore 

 this industry in public confidence. 



Canada an Export Country. 



There is a general tendency abroad to place Canada's 

 agricultural prestige so high as to largely disregard her 

 many other assets. In the main the conception of the 

 Dominion is that of countless farms and ranches produc- 

 tive of millions of bushels of fine grain and gigantic herds 

 of high quality cattle Without disparaging this first 

 feature of Canadian economic life it may be pointed out 

 that these vast agricultural expanses are broken by myriad 

 cities and small towns which are fostering industry in the 

 equasion of agricultural progress. In this respect Canada 

 is largely unique among the Dominions of the British 

 Empire, coming, to a greater degree each year, to not 

 only supply many of her own needs, but furnishing other 

 Dominions with their requirements and shipping a variety 

 of goods to the outside world. 



To those who have come to regard Canada in a purely 

 agricultural light it will probably come as a surprise to 

 learn that whilst the agricultural production of the country 

 in 1921 was not quite $160 per capita of population, the 

 manufacturing output of the year 1919, based on the 

 census population of 1921, was more than $400 per capita. 

 It may be further illuminating to learn that Canada's 

 export trade in the fiscal year ending March, 1922, 

 amounted to $85 per capita, and in the previous year, 

 when produce values were much higher, $138 per capita, 

 leading the entire world in this respect. Canada has, in 

 fact, in her brief history, exhibited a development in the 

 export trade which can be regarded as little less than 

 phenomenal. 



Fourth Position in Export Trade 



Leading the world in per capita export trade, Canada 

 occupies fourth position among the nations of the world 

 in the volume and value of these same exports. In 1905 

 Canada, with exports of slightly over $200,000,000, 



occupied the ninth place, being exceeded in order by 

 United Kingdom, United States, Germany, France, 

 Belgium, Italy, Australia and Argentine. Changes had 

 occurred by 1913. Germany had wrested the second 

 place from the United States and the Argentine and 

 Canada had passed Australia, thus making Canada eighth 

 on the list, her exports being $400,000,000. By the end 

 of the post-war period the United States had assumed 

 the lead with Canada in third position. In 1920 France 

 forged into third place, and in the beginning of 1922 the 

 United Kingdom resumed its former supremacy, with 

 Canada retaining its fourth place, closely pressed by 

 Japan. 



In the year 1868, one year after Confederation, the 

 value of Canadian exports amounted to $57,567,888. 

 By 1880 they had reached $87,911,458. Twenty years 

 later, in 1900, they had mounted to $191,894 723. In 

 1910 they were $298,763,993, and in 1921, $1,210,428,119. 

 Declining values in the following year brought them down 

 to $753,927,009 in 1922, or approximately double their 

 value of 1915. Of this latter total, agricultural products, 

 including both vegetable and animal, accounted for 

 $457,278,204. 



In the year 1922 the United Kingdom was Canada's 

 best customer, taking $299,361,675 worth of goods. She 

 was, however, closely followed by the United States with 

 produce to the value of $293,906,184. These are, at the 

 present time, the only two really important customers 

 Canada has, Italy, which takes third place, purchasing 

 only $15,335,818 worth of goods. Following in order come 

 Japan, Belgium, Australia, Newfoundland, France, 

 Greece and Trinidad, which constitute Canada's ten 

 principal trading countries. Since 1873 the United King- 

 dom has been Canada's best customer, always closely 

 followed by the United States. The one exception was the 

 year 1921, when the United States assumed first place, 

 becoming relegated to second again the following year. 



Agricultural Exports Lead 



The bulk of Canadian exports have naturally always 

 been of an agricultural nature. There are others, however, 

 which have assumed important places and are maintaining 

 their relative positions. Whilst agricultural exports in 

 1922 amounted to approximately $52 per capita of popu- 

 lation, those of wood, wood products and paper represented 

 over $20 per capita. Exports of manufactured products 

 in 1920 amounted to $42 per capita, and when the classifi- 

 cation for 1922 has been made, will doubtless show some 

 increase for that year. Taking the year 1910 for compari- 

 son, to illustrate the decade's growth in the export trade, 

 per capita figures for that year, on the basis of the 1911 

 census population, were agriculture $12, wood, wood 

 products and paper $4, and manufactured products $4. 



The development of the Canadian export trade has 

 been truly remarkable, and it is the finest tribute to the 

 wealth and variety of Canadian possessions and the 

 constant and urgent need of the world for them that, in 

 the consideration of the number of producers she has 

 within her confines, she should lead the world in the 

 volume of trade leaving her shores. Possibilities for the 

 future are boundless. The real exploitation of Canadian 

 resources is really only beginning. Taking the first ten 

 countries with which Canada is trading, the eight coming 

 after the United Kingdom and United States do not 

 purchase annually a combined volume equal to one 

 quarter the purchases of the two best customers of the 

 Dominion. These countries ha_ve the same need of 

 Canadian produce, and there is constantly occurring 

 opportunity for developing new phases of trade with them 

 were Canada in a position to do so. With the influx of 

 new capital to increase the exploitation of natural resources 

 and the development of industries, and that of people to 

 augment the number of producers, Canada could, with 

 little trouble, sell to these countries, and to others of the 

 globe, a volume of goods nearer in aggregate to that 

 taken by her two best buyers. 



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