STRUCTURAL PURPOSES 



mutual fire companies in New England. In this same territory 

 it is stated in "Engineering of Shops and Factories" by H. G. 

 Tyrrell, C. E., that there are more wood-framed mills than all 

 others combined. 



Engineering Bulletin No. 2, of this Association, defines and 

 discusses heavy timber mill construction buildings from the 

 standpoint of the structural engineer. 



Dwellings The frame dwelling is our commonest type. It is 

 cheap, beautiful if properly designed, permanent 

 if built of well-selected timber, and fully meets all of the re- 

 quirements of the home builder and real estate owner. Many 

 of the possibilities and advantages of the moderate priced 

 frame home have been ignored or overlooked because no archi- 

 tectural skill or training was utilized in the design or construc- 

 tion. Model plans are available from many sources, and while 

 they are of great assistance to the man who cannot afford to 

 consult an architect, it would be economy in the long run if 

 such buildings, especially of the more pretentious type, could 

 be constructed under the supervision of competent architects. 



A point frequently overlooked in considering other than 

 frame construction for the dwelling is the relative heat radia- 

 tion in walls of various kinds. In tests made by the German 

 Government of heat transmitted per square foot of wall sur- 

 face per hour, it was found that the frame house, with 7/16 

 inch clap-boards, building paper, sheathing, lath and plaster, 

 had a heat loss factor of .23 of a B. T. U. per degree as against 

 .37 for plain brick walls one brick thick, and .36 for brick walls 

 one brick thick plastered inside.* In stone walls a thickness 

 of 20 inches is required with sand stone to reduce the heat fac- 

 tor even to .35, while with a 12-inch stone wall the loss was 

 .45. Concrete blocks are in about the same class as limestone 

 in coldness and will have a heat loss factor of about 35 to 50 

 per cent more than frame construction. 



*For further details reference is made to a publication on heating and venti- 

 lating issued by the Buffalo Forge Company of Buffalo, N. Y.; also to the book on 

 "Heating and Ventilating Buildings/' by Carpenter. 



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