HEAVY TIMBER 



"Window and door arches should be of brick; window and outside door 

 sills and underpinning of granite or concrete. 



Roofs "Roofs should be of 3 inch pine plank, spiked directly to the 

 heavy roof timbers and covered with 5 -ply tar and gravel roofing. 

 Roof should pitch one-half inch to the foot. Conductor pipes should not 

 pass through the building unless the storehouse is to be heated in winter. 

 An incombustible cornice is needed when there is exposure from neighboring 

 buildings. The fire wall should be carried 2% feet above the roof,, and 

 provided with vitrified coping laid in Portland cement mortar. 



Ploors "Floors on each story in the tower should be about one inch lower 

 than the floors in the adjoining compartment. The sills should 

 be sloped to make up for this difference in level. The sill of the outside 

 door in the tower should also be lower than the tower floor. 



"Water on floors in the tower will ordinarily flow down the stair and 

 elevator shaft, and arrangement of floor levels indicated above will ordinarily 

 prevent water coming from an upper floor from flowing into one of the 

 lower compartments, if it is escaping through the tower. Cast iron scup- 

 pers are advised and should be set in the brickwork at frequent intervals, so 

 designed that they will carry away rapidly a maximum quantity of water 

 from the floors of each compartment. Water-tight floors are always desir- 

 able and become a necessity in certain storehouses with valuable contents, 

 but in three and four story storehouses are not usually considered essential. 

 In higher buildings one or two floors are often covered with an inch of rock 

 asphalt, properly applied and turned up around posts and at walls about 

 4 inches. Considerable care is necessary in constructing a water-tight floor 

 if satisfactory results are to be obtained. All water will then pass out at 

 the scuppers and no damage is caused on floors below. There must be no 

 vertical openings through the floors except in the tower. Fire thus cannot 

 gain access from one floor to another without burning through the solid plank 

 floor. 



"Floors should be of spruce plank 3 inches or 4 inches or more in 

 thickness according to the floor load and should be spiked directly to the 

 floor timbers. In floors and roof the bays should be from 8 to 10% feet 

 wide and all plank two bays in length laid to break joints every 4 feet and 

 grooved for hardwood splines. The plank at the walls should be left out 

 until the windows are put in, to prevent damage from swelling in case of 

 rain. 



"The top floor should be of maple or other close-grained hardwood. The 

 floor and roof timbers should be of sound Georgia pine in single sticks, if 

 possible, but if necessary to use double beams, they should be bolted together 

 without air space between. Timbers should rest on cast-iron plates or beam 

 boxes in the walls and on cast-iron caps in the columns. At least a half an 

 inch air space should be left around all beams built into the masonry. 

 Columns of Southern pine should be cut with their ends square with the 

 axis. 



Page forty-six 



