88 



monitor is particularly adapted to houses facing east and west, where 

 advantage must be taken of the morning and afternoon sun. 



There are other styles of roof, such as the A-shape, hip-roof (Fig. 

 4O-F), etc., which are desirable only under particular conditions. The A- 

 shaped roof is the simplest in construction, but does not provide good 

 head room. The hip-roof provides the largest floor space for a given 

 amount of material in sides, ends and roof. Like the A house it is 

 adapted only to single or double pen houses. 



Roofing material 



The material to be used will depend upon the pitch of the roof. 

 Shingles require a J$ pitch, or steeper. Prepared roofing papers can be 



FIG. 40. Types of roofs 



used on roofs nearly flat. A shingle roof being of loose construction is 

 cooler in the summer as well as in the winter. The low-pitched, tight- 

 papered roof is warmer in the winter and very warm in the summer. 



The foundation 



In the foundation the essentials are durability and dryness. Founda- 

 tion walls should be built deep enough to prevent heaving by the frost, 

 and high enough to prevent surface water from entering; heavy enough 

 to support the building; economical as to cost of labor and materials, 

 and rat-proof. Wood posts lack durability, permit the wind to blow 

 under the house and are likely to settle. Loose-stone walls do not 

 furnish a smooth surface for the sills and are likely to fall down. Stone 

 walls laid in mortar require a skilled mason to construct and, therefore, 

 are too expensive. 



