8 



Fig. 42-0 is the same as Fig. 42-C with heavy building paper on the 

 outside. Figs. 42-^ and B are greatly improved by the use of a heavy, 

 ___^__ durable paper; however, paper makes painting unsatis- 

 factory and light or brittle papers are not sufficiently 

 permanent to warrant the expense. Dark colored pa- 

 per should not be used because it absorbs the heat and 

 makes the house too hot in summer; it also is unat- 

 tractive. Fig. 42-5 is the same as Fig. 42-C, with 

 matched board wall inside, forming a dead-air space. 

 This is wholly unnecessary and has certain pronounced 

 disadvantages aside from the extra expense. In a 

 dead-air space the air soon becomes as cold as the out- 

 side boarding and in turn, by contact, cools the inside 

 boarding which in turn cools the air in the house. This 

 is especially true on the north side of the house where a 

 dead-air space between the walls will become cooled 

 during the night and will not warm up so rapidly in the 

 daytime as the air within the pen. This creates a ten- 

 dency for the moisture in the warmer air of the pen to 

 condense when in contact with the colder rear wall, thus 

 making the walls and floor damp and frosty. Fig. 42-F 

 shows a wall similar to Fig. 42-E, except that the space 

 is filled with straw or other packing material. It is 

 warmer because better insulated, but is expensive and 

 is not to be recommended. Fig. 42-6 is similar to 

 Fig. 42-F, except that the inside boarding is loose and 

 permits an interchange of air. 



Fig. 42-H is similar to Fig. 42-^ with the addition 

 of a second lining of paper, which makes insulation 

 more perfect, but is too expensive and unnecessary. It 

 has the same objection as Figs. 42-^ and F. 



Fig. 42-7 shows a double-boarded wall with paper 

 between. This makes a solid, tight wall and a strong 

 one. The boards are placed vertically, so that every 

 board serves as a post, which makes it possible to do 

 away with studding on low houses except at the points 

 where partitions are placed. With a solid, double wall, 

 heat escapes more rapidly than with a double wall with 

 stuffed space because in the latter contact is broken. In 

 this res P ect Fi S- 42-/ to be preferred to Fig. &-A, B 

 the side walls or C, but is unnecessarily expensive. It costs about the 



F 



H 



