246 AMERICAN LUMBER IN FOREIGN MARKETS. 



necessity to become introspective and develop her peninsular resources. 

 She will then be able to cut down her importations very materially, 

 especially those of minerals, cereals, and wood. Her importations of 

 wood amount now to about $7,000,000 annually. Of that sum, 

 $2,500,000 is paid for staves, most of which come from the United 

 States. The remaining' $4,500,000 is employed in the purchase of 

 pine from Finland, Sweden, and the United States, lir from Canada, 

 beech from Hungary, elm from Austria, mahogany from Mexico, walnut 

 from Italy, and from the storehouses in Havre, Bordeaux, and Mar- 

 seilles considerable quantities of cedar, ebony, and sandalwood. 



That a great variety of trees can be easily grown in Spain may be 

 inferred from the fact that the following species are to be found here 

 and are apparently thriving : 



The palmetto (el palmito), found in Andalusia, Murcia, Valencia, and 

 Catalonia. 



The spruce fir tree (pinabete), a tree very common in France and 

 Germany and very useful in building, is found in Spain in only Aragon 

 and Catalonia. 



The pine (pino) is of six kinds in Spain el pino piuonero, used in 

 naval construction and in carpenter work, and quite abundant in Anda- 

 lusia and Castile; el pino silvestre, which grows to a height of 90 feet 

 and is seen in the north and west of Spain; el pino negro, a wood 

 easily polished, growing in the north of Aragon and Catalonia; el pino 

 negral de Cuenca, which grows in nearly all the mountainous regions 

 of Spain; el pino carrasco, which is not so tall as the other kinds, and 

 which makes good boards, being found principally in Murcia and Valen- 

 cia, and also in Catalonia and Aragon ; and el piuo negral de Segovia, 

 a dark pine, very common throughout the peninsula, but not very strong 

 or elastic. 



The elm tree is of two kinds Ulmus campestris and Ulmus inon- 

 tana and is seen in many parts of Spain in valleys and near rivers 

 and in the promenades of some cities. The wood is hard and elastic 

 and is used in making carts and machinery. 



The white poplar (alamo bianco), a very common tree in all parts of 

 Spain and much used by carpenters. 



The yew tree (eltejo),hard and compact, and found in Sierra Nevada, 

 in the Pyrenees, and in Asturias. It is used by ebonists and turners. 



The black poplar tree (chopo), light in weight and serviceable as poles 

 and handles and in the manufacture of paper. This is one of the few 

 trees that are cultivated in Spain. 



The beech tree (haya), which grows to a height of 120 feet and 

 forms large forests in the mountains of Navarre, Asturias, Logrono, 

 Leon, and Santander, and grows in Burgos, Saragossa, Lerida, and 

 Vizcaya. 



The chestnut (el castano) is useful in making staves, boards, doors, 

 and windows. It is seen chiefly in Galicia, Asturias, Santauder, Vaz- 

 congadas, and Catalonia. 



