The basswood employed in the wood-using industries is cut 

 from three botanical species; one common in the North and two 

 in the South. The lumber is suppl'ed by sawmills in the Lake 

 States, central States and the Northeast. The most important 

 basswood consuming States are Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, 

 New York and Minnesota. 



There is but one kind of beech native to this country, and it 

 is cut and used most extensively in the northern States. The box 

 factories of Mich'gan, Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio, and Indiana 

 use beech in largest quantities. The same five States produce two- 

 thirds of all the beech lumber cut in this country. 



Tupelo is the common name for lumber cut from cotton gum 

 and black gum trees. The States using the greatest quantity of 

 tupelo in box manufacture are Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, 

 Pennsylvania, and Louisiana. It is estimated that 51 per cent 's 

 cotton gum and 49 per cent black gum. Based on this division, 

 cotton gum is put to greatest use in Louisiana, Virginia, and 

 Illinois, and black gum in Virgin'a, Maryland and North Carolina. 

 The largest quantities of cotton gum box lumber come from 

 Louisiana, while black gum box lumber is largely produced in 

 Virginia and North Carolina. 



It is estimated that 85^ per cent of all the elm consumed by 

 the box industry is white elm, wh ! ch is used in largest quantities 

 in Michigan, New York, Illinois, Ohio, and Indiana. Twelve per 

 cent is estimated to be red or slippery elm, which is used mostly 

 in Illinois and Indiana. These species are cut mostly in the States 

 ment'oned with the exception of Illinois and the addition of Wis- 

 consin and Missouri. Small amounts of cork elm are used in 

 several northern States, and a small amount of wing elm in Texas. 



One of the minor uses of oak is in the manufacture of boxes, 

 crates, and baskets. In the use of oak, Arkansas leads, followed 

 by Pennsylvania, Indiana and Ohio. It is estimated that 50 per 

 cent of the total is red oak, used mostly in Pennsylvania, Ohio, 

 West Virginia and New York, 20 per cent yellow oak, pract'cally 

 all used in Arkansas, 17^2 per cent white oak, the largest amounts 

 used in Indiana and Ohio, and 7 per cent Texan oak, reported 

 chiefly from Arkansas. Oak lumber is produced in every hardwood 

 State and that used by box makers was probably cut in the State 

 where used or adjacent States. Small amounts of bur, Garry, post, 

 overcup, chinquapin, pin and willow oak are also used in different 

 States. 



Balsam fir is a single species which grows in the northeastern 

 and Lake States, although it is sometimes confused with white fir 

 of the West. It is put to its greatest use in box manufacture in 

 Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont. The lumber 

 is produced mostly by mills in northern New England and the 

 Lake States. 



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