11 



tin- country. Tli- Northca-tcrn t lain l-iit few 



chartered , ..ni|i:ii: 



\l Mil I: "I I -I VI I I-MMt SI-. 



'l'ln- total miinlicr nf establishments, includiiii: M. 'i 



<inl\ -awmills "lit itl-o independent limltcr camp*, wa- 



ii r.tim. I'h. \ uercdi-tribiitr.i very irregularly 



oxi-r iln- comitrx and not MOMMrilv in pr.>|H>riii.ii id 



the importance of the lumlter industry. In the North 



eastern -tales are 28 per cent of the mill-, xxitl l\ 



!; |MT cent f the product, indicating that tin- mill- .! 

 thi- section arc of sinalli : . than the avera;.- 



th.- country. The North Central -tales contain _'! per 

 < en! uf the mill- with 1" |KT cent of llu product, inili 

 eating llml ihe mill- uf thi- |rt of the country .-\. .,,! 

 in capacity the average <if the . uiintry. in tin- South- 

 cm *tal |>crcent uf the mills anl only :'.:: |MT 



rent of the ]>n>iliiet. indicating that they, like thn.se of 

 the Northeast, r n -tai -. are of less average capacity 



than that uf tl omitry. The Western -fate- contain 



tf |n-r cent only of the mill- t>ut produce 11 per eent 

 of the entire product. The above figures of prod net 

 depend upon values, nut ii|x>n quantity of tiinltcr. If 

 the latter, they xmuld IM> modified somewhat by the 

 specie- ami it- value per thnti.sand foot. Tim- the 

 Noithcastcrn states produce It! per eent of the total 

 product. lM>th as to value and i|iiantity. The North 

 iral -tales, where mainly white pine i.s cut. pnxiueo 

 nt of the product expressed in feet of lumU-r. 

 luit 4<> per eent expressed in value. The cane in 

 in the Southern stales, which produce 39 per 

 . . -nt in quantity awl only 38 per cent in value, while 

 the Western states, which consist in the main of the 

 heavy foiv-t- of the l'a ( iti< coast, produce 10 per cent 

 in quantity ami 11 per cent in value. 



3( lyinjf this subject with reference (o individual 

 state- it appears that, as a rule, the older lumber states 

 contain the smallest mills. The greatest number of 

 mills is found in Pennsylvania, which has, however, a 

 low product per mill. In the three great lumber state** 

 alNwt the Lakes- -Michigan. Wi-cuii-iii. and Minnesota 

 Michigan still contains the largest number of mills, and 

 Minne-ota the -malle-t. In product. Wisconsin is the 

 foremost, followed l>y Michigan and Minnesota in the 



order named. The luinlier industry con need in thi.- 



Lake region in the state of Miehipui and has moved 

 westward, so that Minnesota represents the late-t st^e 

 in the lumber movement in this region. The mills are 

 smallest in Michigan and far the largest in Minnesota. 

 At present the pine is largely cut from Michigan, and 

 the industry is moving away from that state. \\ iscon- 

 -in appear- to he enjoying the height of it- pru-j>erity 

 as a lumber state, while Minnesota has not yet reached 

 its maximum. 



In the Smth. TII -tales we find a similar progress. 

 The eastern portion of this yellow-pine belt, mainly that 

 compri.-ed in the states of Virginia, the Carolina*, and 



-in. win, h have lung been the wene of m n\>- lum 

 her o|tcni(i<>n-. h:i\. . iii the mum. -mall mill-. The 

 recent movement in the Snithi i n pme IN It has ap|iar- 

 ently gone. mainl\ . t< Mi i ippi. 1.. .nisinnu. ArkantHM, 

 and Texa.-. th. \\e-tern half of (hi- region, ami ' 

 mills are much larger than in the eastern pai i. 



M-ITAI-. 



Of the aggregate capita I of "lumU-rand sawmill-." 

 .ni i- applied to lugging: three toiirth- of thi* 

 consisting of land, nearly all f whi.-h i- timU.r land. 

 Nineteen |HT cent of the aggregate capital applies to the 

 sawmill plant, and 8 per cent t<> the planing mill plant, 

 the remainder. .'!."> percent. consUiing of \v hat i- denomi 

 nateil live capital, comprising raw material, lini-hed 

 products on hand, and cash, bills receivable, unsettled 

 aooount-. etc.. which talongs in unknown pro]N>rtion- 

 to each of the three branches of the imin-ti\. Of tin- 

 plant of the indejMMident logging camjw. tuo third- n-p 

 resent the value of timber land. 



The largest capital invested is found in the three 

 white pine states on the Ijikes, \\'i-cun>in having the 

 heaviest capital invested of any stale in the country. 

 After thi -. -tati-- Pennsylvania has the largest amount, 

 followed }>\ California and Washington. Among the 

 Southern .-tuti-s the westernmost in the yellow-pine 

 belt have the largest capital invested. 



Wage* paid to the hands in this indu-lry differ widely 

 in different jirtsof the country, and. in a general way . 

 follow the magnitude of the operations, Ix-ing higher 

 in the larger mills, although controlled, lo some i.\tcnl, 

 by general lumber conditions. As a whole, wages are 

 less in the South than in the North. l>ut in the Soul h 

 they differ widely tictween the states on the Atlantic 

 border and the western portion of this timber region. 

 The wage;, in the Northeastern stales are somewhat 

 higher than the average of ihe counlry. while in the 

 West they are far above that average. 



PBODC<T. 



Of the total product of the lumber indu-try . exclud- 

 ing planing, which is a rcmanufadure, sawed lumber 

 formed in value si. 2 per cent, or nearly tiveMxths of 

 all product.-. Shingles formed : J >.'.> per cent, cooperage 

 materials 3.6 per cent. pile-, telegraph poles, and rail- 

 way ties, charcoal, etc.. product- of the timber camp. 

 3.3 per cent, and all other products is per cent. Of the 

 sawed lumber. 7.V-' per cent consisted of conifers, and 

 24.8 per cent of hard woods. Of the conifers, yellow 

 pine predominated, the cut of southern yellow pine 

 being '.'.t>71.ii s <i M feet, and that of western yellow pirn- 

 931.828 M feet. The cut of southern yellow pine was 

 27.8 per cent of all lumber, and 37 |T cent of all coni 

 fei-. The cut of white pine was 21.5 per cent of all 

 lumber; of hemlock, 9.8 per cent: of red fir, 5 per cent : 

 of spruce, 4.2 per cent: and of other conifer-, -mailer 

 proportions. 



