14 



feet, Michigan is second in rank, and Washington third, 

 followed by Minnesota and Pennsylvania. 



Measured by amount of capital. Wisconsin is still in 

 the first place, followed by Michigan. Minnesota, Penn- 

 sylvania, California, and Washington in the order named. 

 Measured by the number of wage-earners, Michigan 

 takes first place, with Wisconsin second, then Minnesota, 

 then Washington. 



The discrepancy between the amount of product of 

 the logging camps, 26,000,000,000 feet, and the prod- 

 uct of the sawmills, 35,000,000,000 feet, more or less, 

 is accounted for as follows: 



(1) Failure to report by individuals and small con- 

 cerns. It is probable that the returns from the saw- 

 mills are far more complete than those from logging 

 operations, because much of the latter is on a petty 

 scale. 



(2) Difference between the scaling of the logs in camp 

 and the actual cut. 



The amount of the first item is unknown, but is prob- 

 ably great. The effect of the second is also probably 

 large, as it is perfectly well understood that the scal- 

 ing of the logs at the camp is less than the amount of 

 sawed product actually produced. 



Under the heading of ''capital" are included all 

 items of capital invested in both plant and live capital 

 in the two branches of the logging industry. Under 

 the heading of "wage-earners "are combined the total 

 number of wage-earners employed in dependent logging 

 camps and those employed in independent logging 

 camps, together with their wages, and under "ma- 

 terials," is shown the total quantity of saw logs reported 

 as cut from the stump throughout the United States 



during the census year, together with their value on 

 the stump, and, also, under a separate heading, the 

 value of all other stumpage cut during the census vear. 

 This ''other stmnpage" covers the class of timber 

 from which such products as telegraph poles, fence 

 posts, railway cross-ties, etc. , were manufactured. The 

 products in this table are similarly arranged, those prod- 

 ucts of the camps which went to the sawmills to be 

 used in producing lumber being classified as saw logs, 

 while the value of all other products of the logging 

 industry is separately shown. 



In making up this item of products, it was necessary 

 to estimate the value of products in dependent logging 

 camps, for the reason that this branch of the lumber 

 industry had not, in the arrangement of the schedule, 

 been treated as a complete establishment; i. e., the 

 reports were not made in such a way as to show on 

 the schedules a product for dependent logging camps. 

 The estimated value of the dependent logging camp 

 products, however, it is believed, was computed with 

 approximate accuracy, on account of the similarity of 

 operations and expenses in dependent logging camps 

 and independent logging camps. Another guide in 

 arriving at the proper value to assign to the products 

 of dependent logging camps was in adding together the 

 items of expense shown on sawmill reports that were 

 incurred in bringing the logs from the- stump to the 

 mill. By adding to this total cost a reasonable amount 

 of profit, an amount representing approximately the 

 same percentage of increase over cost of materials as 

 was found to have been reported on the independent 

 logging camp schedules, it is thought that the value of 

 this product has been fixed with practical correctness. 



