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Tin- iiiinilMT nf i-talili>hiiiriit>. .".!.>:>:t, \vu> olituim-d 

 l.v ^ulitniftiii); from tlict>Ul iiuinU-r <>f c.stttMi>l)iiiont< 

 for tin- ItimlxT iiuln>trv. tliM' tliat liatl U-cn l:i--iti-d 

 a- iiuli'|>'ii.l.'iit timl.i .ainp^. Tho Hiiiount of capital 

 shown a.- invc-tf.l in -;i\viiiill- cxrludi^ all capital in- 

 \c-tc,l in (|-p-M.l.-nt \ogg\ng t-ttinjis. conducted liy such 

 (wniilU. a* well a- all capital invfst>d in planinir mills 

 operat^l in connect ion with -udi *>iiN\inilU. The -amp 

 i- true a- t' the total nuni>Nr of wn^e .-ai net - -.(KIWII. 

 tog>ther with their wajyos. t'nder thi- item it was 

 ni-ce^in . in all we* where the iwmill re|xrts show>d 

 also planin^-mill <)jx>rations. to divide the numttor of 

 wage-earner?., together with their wujrpf.. tiy taking out 

 from the total that jwrt that wa* eujjajjed ex<-lu>ively 

 in operati-fii- in the sawmill. In making thi> -cpara- 

 ti-in. it wa> necessary, in Mich ca-c-.. to c-timate tlie 

 numlier. Such e>,tim:itw were based. tir*t. on the 

 known, or approximately known, numlior of wa>re-earn- 

 en necessary ti turn out a product in the iwmill of 

 the size reported, under conditions shown to have 

 obtained by other features of the rt-|x.: i. and ax a check 

 on this, or a measure of it accuracy, the wage- 

 earners left, after taking away a nuinlH-r sufficient to 

 carry on the sawmill o|>erations indicated, were c-on- 

 -idered in connection with the quantity and character 

 if the planing-mill product, and in this way. it i- lc 

 lievod. the separation of wage-earner- \\a- made with 

 practical accuracy. The heading of mi-< ellancou- 

 , \| ncludes all items of miMoDaaeoos wpMMG 



rejrted for the lumber industrv . --\cejit the amount 

 paid for contract logging, which is essentially an item 

 of logging wages. 



.\.. attempt at -e]Ktnition was made under thi- lirad. 

 for the reason that 31.S33 establishment- out of a total 

 of 33.035 were sawmill-, and by far the larger juirt of 

 th- total miscellaneoii- .-xiM'tises incurntl by the whole 



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industry during the census year is pnijxTly chargeable 

 to the sawmill feature of it. 



Tli- total of material is made up, tirst, of the stump- 

 age value of all timlier cut in the dependent logging 

 camps and used by the sawmills, together with all items 

 of logging expense, such as wages, supplies, etc., from 

 the stump to the mill; second, all logs and holt* pur- 

 chased; and to these were added the usual items of "all 

 other material-." "mill supplies," ''fuel" (when such 

 was bought), "power and heat," and "freight." 



Under the heading of "products" is shown the total 

 value of all merchant sawed products plus the amount 

 received for custom work. This item of custom work 

 includes the total amount received for custom sawing, 

 custom grinding, and custom ginning. The latter two 

 items of custom grinding and custom ginning comprise 

 the amount- shown on the re|x>rts of establishments, 

 wherea sawmill wasoperatedin connection with a _ 

 mill or a cotton gin, or both, and in which combination 

 plant the value of the sawmill product exceeded that of 

 the product of each of the industries operated in con- 

 nection with it. 



The niimlx-r of establishment* was 31,833, with a total 

 capital of *3O5, 785,22>. Wage-earners numlered 

 L"-"..717. and wages were $82,894,951. The mi-.ellan. 

 ou expense* here given include those of a--<x-iated 

 timlx-r camp- and planing mill-, -ince they can not be 

 -eparated. but it is Ix-lieved that they coinpri-e not over 

 In jx-r cent of the total amount. The value of product 

 w a- **_':.'. M _'..; i. and co>t .-f materials, *i'^;. I ::-.:!'L'. 

 leaving as the net product of the sawmill industry. 

 1196,978,069. 



In value of product of sawmills. Michigan stands tirst, 

 and \Vi-con-in second, with Pennsylvania third, and 

 Minnesota fourth. 



Thus, in logging and in the manufacture of rough 



