24 



lumber, Michigan still holds first rank among the states, 

 its relegation to second place in the total lumber indus- 

 try being due to the large planing-mill output of Wis- 

 consin, as seen below. 



Table 14 shows, for sawmills onl\ r , the average capi- 

 tal, number of wage-earners, amount of wages, cost of 

 materials, and value of products per establishment. 



TABLE 14. SAWMILLS AVERAGES PER ESTABLISH- 

 MENT, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1900. 



The average capital per establishment in the United 

 States is $9,606; the number of wage-earners, 7; the 

 amount of wages, $2,598; the cost of materials, $7,104; 

 and the value of products, $13,282. The capital per 

 establishment is greatest by far in Minnesota, where 

 the lumber industry is rapidly extending by the addi- 

 tion of modern mills and appliances; second in Wis- 

 consin, and third in California, where the redwood 

 lumber cut from enormous trees requires the most pow- 

 erful machines and appliances for handling and cutting. 

 In Louisiana, Arizona, and Washington the capital is 

 also heavy, both because the timber is large and the 

 operations are of recent development. 



In number of wage-earners per establishment Min- 

 nesota is in the lead, followed closely by Washington, 

 while in California and Wisconsin the number is large. 

 Very much the same order is followed in regard to th<> 



amount of wages per establishment and in the cost of 

 materials. In product per establishment Minnesota is 

 far in the lead, with Wisconsin second, and Washington, 

 California, and Louisiana following closely. The cost 

 of materials for the entire United States is a little more 

 than half the value of the products, and this proportion 

 is followed closely by the states. In certain of them 

 where the value of timber is not great, as in the yellow 

 pine of the South, the cost of material is a little less than 

 half that of the product, while in the white pine states 

 of the Great Lakes the materials considerably exceed 

 half the value of product, owing to the high value of 

 the wood. The proportion of material to product is 

 still higher in such states as Iowa and Illinois, which 

 import their raw material from adjacent states, and in 

 Kentucky and Tennessee and other hard wood states, 

 where the timber is of great value. 



Of the total value of product ($422,812,061), 

 $342,303,152, or 81 per cent, consists of merchant 

 sawed rough lumber. There was also produced by 

 the mills a quantity of rough lumber sawed for cus- 

 tomers or by contract, valued at $43,086,970. Of the 

 other products of the mill the most important is shin- 

 gles, with a value, merchant and custom, of $18,869,705. 

 The other principal products are cooperage materials, 

 including hoops, staves, and headings, with a value of 

 $20,714,670; bobbin and spool stock, furniture stock, 

 agricultural implement stock, carriage and wagon stock, 

 pickets, palings, and laths. 



TABLE 15. SAWMILLS, PRINCIPAL PRODUCTS. 



Quantity. 



Rough lumber, M feet 



Shingles, M 



Cooperage materials: 



Hoops, M 



Staves, M 



Headings, M 



Bobbin and spool stock, M feet 



Furniture stock, M feet 



Agricultural implement stock, M feet. 



Carriage and wagon stock, M feet 



Hcketa and palings, M 



Laths, M 



All others 



31,787,084 

 12,102,017 



441,327 



1,664,792 



124,089 



IIMCIT 



105,305 

 33,250 

 82,686 

 35,804 

 2,523,998 



Value. 



$885,298.304 

 18,869,705 



2,669,465 

 13,697,621 

 4,347,584 



526,007 

 1,921,741 



!>%, -11", 

 l,806.:o 



34 1,076 

 4j 698, 909 

 19, 600, 779 



ROUGH LUMBElt. 



Of the rough lumber, which, expressed in thousands 

 of feet, B. M., amounts to 34,787,084 feet, coniferous 

 woods comprise 26,153,063 feet, B. M., or three-fourths 

 of all the timber cut in the mills, while hard woods form 

 but one-fourth. The principal species was yellow pine, 

 including in that designation all the southern pines and 

 the western yellow pine, the amount of which was 

 10,603,108 M feet, B. M., or 30 per cent of all the tim- 

 ber cut in the mills. The amount of white pine which 

 heretofore has been the most prominent species cut, 

 and which still remains in value the most prominent, 

 was 7,483,283 M feet, B. M., or 21 per cent of all. 

 Hemlock constituted about 10 per cent of the total cut, 

 and other coniferous species showed still smaller 

 amounts. 



