31 



trilling extent mil\, although it is :i valuable timber 



and will bi- appreciated hereafter. 



(irouing now here :i- it pure forest lint everywhere 

 intermingled with other i -tuii'l is a dillicult 



tiling t<> even guess lit. I nit is doubtless in -I Ir-., i him I IN i 

 billion fi-et. Tin' total amount in tin- country rejiorted 

 by lumbcni million feet. The cut in the 



.4^1 million feet. 



i I'M 



( \ press is a tree nf low marshy regions. It occurs 

 aloiiL' tin- Atliintir and (iulf c<m-t- from thr 



>:illi|> in WNltlM i-t'-ln Virginia lit:i:h ! tii. 



Grande. It in found in the lowhukb and marshes of 

 tin- Mississippi from southeastern Mi ..uri to the 

 mouth of the river. 



Little \* known of tin- amount of this timU>r. though 

 it in of great value. The total amount reported ax 

 owned by lumbermen was ),';.' million feet, and this in 

 probably luit a -mall fraction, probably not more than 

 10 per cent, of the total stand. The cut in the census 

 yeai million feet 



SOtTIIKUN YKLLOW HINE. 



Yellow pine, of the species known aw long leaved, 

 -hurt leaved, loblolly, and Cuban, is found in all the 

 Southern states, but more than nine-tenths of it is in 

 the Carolina*, Georgia. Florida, Alaliama, Mississippi. 

 Louisiana, Texas, and Arkansas. In these states it 

 occupies the Atlantic plain, with the exception of the 

 low, marshy strijxs near the coast occupied by cypress, 

 while inland it extends beyond the Fall Line to van-ing 

 distances in the Piedmont region, passing slowly by 

 different .-tages of admixture into the hard wood forests 

 of the interior. Over most of its range it forms pure 

 fop-sts i.f i. |>eii stand, with little or no undergrowth. 

 The area occupied by pure pine forests in the nine 

 states above enumerated is approximately 15<>,000 

 square miles, or about IOO.INMI.IHNI acres. Tin- average 

 stand of timber on tin- urea, from the best information 

 obtainable, is not far from 3,iHX> feet, B. M., per acre, 

 giving a total stand on this area of 30t billions of feet 

 An estimate made in 1880 (Tenth Census) by I'n.f. C. S. 

 Sargent gives at that time but '2.H7 billion feet, but there 

 is abundant evidence to show that this estimate is much 

 too low. The holdings by lumbermen of yellow pine 

 in I!oi in these states showed a total of l''...'."7 million 

 or !." |>er cent of the total estimated stand. The 

 cut in the census year 1UUO was 8,.V_':'. million feet, or 'A 

 per nt of the estimated stand, and Is \ \ rent of the 

 amount held by lumbermen. If the estimate of the 

 total stand given above is approximately correct, there 

 i~ suili. lent yellow pine to supply the present cut for 

 thirty-three rears, without allowing anything for 

 in the interval. 



II UH> WHO)*. 



The central part of t .1 State*, including the 



eastern |tortion of (lie Cp|M-i M,-- --ippi \ alley, in a 

 region of hard wooils. ...nnsed of a great vam t\ ,,f 



^paeie> I : | ; . . : . . fron mic |K>inl 



<f \ie . are tlie otiks. which, with gum. jniplar. maple. 

 , ottoiiMiMNl. >lm, and ash, make up the great bulk of 

 the forest. The forest is nowhere composed of 

 species, but is mixed commonly. n<>t onl\ of \ariou- 



jHi ies ol luii ; u... . . . ( t with moi ooi hi - 



interniinirled. The an-a in which hard woods form a 

 predominant element of the forest U large, comprising 

 ~e\eral hundred thousand square miles. l>ut it is ill de- 

 lined. The stand differs greatly in different jwrt.s, hen, e 

 it is im|K>s.silile to make even a guess at the amount of 

 timber of this sjn-cies. The amount rej>orted as owned 

 by lumbermen is in the neighborhood of IK> billion feet, 

 half of which consists of oak. This amount reported 

 by lumbermen doubtless forms only a small part of the 

 stand, which may be five or ten times as great. The 

 total cut of this species in the census year \\ 

 million feet. H. M. The species cut most largely, with 

 the approximate amount, were as follows: 



WK8TKKN YKIJjUW 1'IKK. 



Western yellow pine, jrinti* jutm/ffuui. is the com- 

 monest pine of the Hocky Mountain and Pacific coast 

 states. Its range extends from the Black Hills of 

 South Dakota on the wist nearly to the coast, and from 

 the southern to the northern boundaries of the country. 

 While many other species arc found intermingled with 

 it in the forests, it is in most localities the predominant 

 tree, excepting in Oregon and Washington west of the 

 Cascade Range, and in the redwood belt of California. 

 In some localities it appears as a pure growth, in others 

 greatly mingled with other species. Its tendency, how- 

 e\rr. is to form pure growths of ojien forests with little 

 underbrush. It endures moderately arid conditions. 

 it> lower limit representing approximately the isohyctal 

 line of 20 to 25 inches. In Oregon and northern Wash- 

 ington, its western extension is limited by the Cascade 

 Range, the moist conditions of the \\estern -\<.\v of that 

 region enabling the red tir and associate species to 

 monopolize the ground, and. in about the middle lati- 

 tude of Oregon, the inci.-ii.sing ti-ni|N-nitiire and dimin- 

 ishing rainfall enable it to cross t he Cascade Range and 

 to mingle with red tir in the southwestern |art of the 

 state. Throughout California, excepting in the red- 



