36 



New Jersey. The northern part of New Jersey was 

 originally covered with a mixed forest, composed 

 mainly of hard woods, while the southern part was a 

 continuous forest of yellow pine, with some cypress in 

 the lowlands bordering the coast. Most of the timber 

 suitable for the mill has been removed and a large pro- 

 portion of the land cleared for cultivation. The state 

 now contains, however, much valuable second-growth 

 timber. Measurements made on the state map show 

 that 43 per cent of its area, or 3,234 square miles, are 

 wooded. The area is said to be at least holding its 

 own, and the value of forest to be increasing. 



The cut is not large; indeed, this state has never 

 been of great importance in this industry. 



LUMBER INDUSTRY. 



Pennsylvania. The state was originally forest clad, 

 with pine and hemlock on the higher parts of the Alle- 

 ghany plateau, and with an increasing mixture of hard 

 woods as the altitude diminishes to the westward. 

 The southeastern part of the state, outside of the 

 Appalachian region, was timbered with hard woods al- 

 most exclusively. The result of over two centuries of 

 lumbering has been to reduce the wooded area one-half, 

 leaving, as is estimated, 23,000 square miles, or 51 per 

 cent, wooded. This wooded area, moreover, has been 

 in great part depleted of its merchantable timber, es- 

 pecially of its white pine, although there still remains 

 a large amount, as is shown by the fact that the cut of 

 this species in 1900 was nearly 3 billion feet. 



The earliest estimates of the stand of timber in the 

 state are Sargent's. He assigned a white-pine stump- 

 age of 1,800 million feet, and of hemlock, 4,500 million 

 feet, figures which are far below the truth. 



In 1896, Professor Fernow published an estimate made 

 by the commissioner of forestry of the state, giving 

 a pine stum page of 500 million feet; spruce, 70 mil- 

 lion feet; and hemlock, 5,000 million feet. The state- 

 ments of cut and of the stand owned of these species 

 presented below show that these figures are much below 

 the truth. 



LUMBER INDUSTRY. 



TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERAGE 

 STAND. 



Pennsylvania has always been a state of great impor- 

 tance in the lumber industry. In 1850 it was exceeded 

 in product only by New York, and in 1860 it took first 

 place. In 1870 and 1880 it was exceeded by Michigan 

 only. In 1890 Michigan and Wisconsin produced more, 

 and in 1900 the third of the lake states, Minnesota, 

 also took rank above it, making it the fourth state in 

 the country. 



Delaware. This state, originally covered with forests 

 of hard wood and yellow pine, has been pretty well cut 

 over, and the greater part of it cleared and cultivated. 

 It is estimated that 700 square miles, or 36 per cent of 

 its area, are wooded. It probably contains little, if 

 any, merchantable timber. 



LUMBER INDUSTRY. 



Maryland. Originally the northwest portion of the 

 state, which lies within the Appalachian mountain 

 region, was covered with mixed forests of white pine, 

 hemlock, and hardwood. The central portion, stretch- 

 ing from the Blue Ridge to Chesapeake Bay, was covered 

 with forests of hard woods, while the eastern shore 

 contained pine forests with some hard woods. At 

 present the pine has been cut, and much of the hard 

 woods have been removed from the western part, while 

 east of the Blue Ridge the merchantable timber of all 

 sorts has been practically all cut away, and a large 

 proportion of the land cleared for cultivation. 



The wooded area is estimated at 4,400 square miles, 

 or 44 per cent of the land area of the state. Very little 

 of this, however, is occupied by merchantable timber. 



The lumber industry has never been a prominent 

 factor, but has grown quite steadily from the beginning. 



LUMBER INDUSTRY. 



