

magnitude, of v . tin- hi^ I:.. hi.-. 



- run^c in height up ( and in diameter 



to a little i>\fi :'.n feet. They do not occur in pure 



growth, hui : through the yellow pine forest. 



I'hr w.N..le,l Iniul <>f i - estimated to have MI 



rea of 4.7" -<|imre mile-, or _".' JMT cent of the total 

 area of tin- -tat.-. The total iiiiiount of .standing tiinU-r 

 in tin' -tnti- i- estimated to be at l>-a~t _'"' liillion feet, 

 the principal -|>ecie- IHMII^ redwood and yellow pine, 

 w ith .-mailer amounts of sugar pine, red tir, and incen-e 

 cedar. < >f the total estimated stand. al>ut on,- -i\th is 

 reported an owned by lumbermen, while tin- rut is less 

 than one-half of 1 per cent of the total -land. 



The Cnited State- hu.- made a iiuinlH>r of forest 

 (Mrvc.- which include all the ran;."- ol id-- NVthn 

 part of the state, and the Sierra Nevada range from its 

 southern end northward to latitude 88 30'. Beside* 

 the reserve.-, which include a total area of 13,H83 square 

 mile*, it bait also set apart an area of 1,500 square mileH, 

 inclosing the Yoaemite \ alley as a national park, mak- 

 ing a total reserved area in the -tatc of 15,333 square 

 miles, or more than one-third of the wooded area of the 



LUMBER INDUSTRY. 



-|.n.,, h, tin- putt of the state, and near ,t- nndille 

 latitude, yell..* pin.- up|M>an and gradually increase* 

 in iiiipurtanee southward, so tluit near the southern 

 Uuindary of the state it divide- the forest with the red 

 tir. A little sugar pine accompanies it. 



hi- estimated that the woodlands cover 54,800 square 

 miles, or 57 per cent of the area of the state. ^ care- 

 ful canvass of the timber resource- of the state, as 

 recently made by the United Slat.- i M-,,|o./i.-.,| Survey, 

 shows a total stand of timber of about ttfi liillion feet, 

 150 billion feet of which is estimated to consist. of red 

 tir and 4O billion feet of yellow pine, the remainder 

 OOMinting of other species of conifers mainly cedar, 

 hemlock, and spruce. There were reported by lumber- 

 men as owned in the state a trill.- over _'< billion feet, 

 or less than 10 per cent of the total amount of standing 

 timber. The cut in the census year, 740 million feet, 

 wan about three-tenths of 1 per cent of the total stand. 

 The principal lumber center is Portland. 



The United States has reserved areas amounting to 

 7,271 square miles, nearly all of which U comprised in 

 the Cascade range reserve, which includes that range 

 throughout its extent within the state. These reserves 

 |M estimated, as the muM ttt a BHftd xamirmtion. t., 

 contain about 55 billion feet of timber, or one-fourth 



taken as a whole, the forests are very heavy, especially 

 uear the Pacific coast in the northern part of the state. 

 where stands of 100,000 feet per acre for entire town 

 ships have been reported. East of the range the timber 

 is by no means as heavy, and is confined to the eastern 

 slopes of the range, the higher parts of the plateau, 

 and the Blue Mountains in the northeastern part of the 

 state. 



In the region east of the range the timber consists 

 almost entirely of yellow pine. West of the range the 

 principal tree is red tir, with some hemlock, cedar, and 



Wtuhington. East of the Cascade range the timber 

 of this state consists in the main of yellow pine, which 

 occupies the eastern slope of that range and the country 

 north of the Columbia, with a light forest in the ex- 

 treme eastern part of the state south of Spokane. In 

 the region north of the Columbia, the yellow pine is in- 

 terspersed with some tamarack and western white pine, 

 while upon the east slope of the Cascades there is con- 

 siderable red tir. All these forests east of the moun- 

 tains are light a.- compared with those westof the ran^'c. 

 In that portion of the state the forests, consisting mainly 



