THE CEREALS. 69 



to 25 ; in other localities it is not grown at all or its amount is 

 quite insignificant. The autumn or intermediate crop of rice 

 is likewise of little or no importance, save in about a dozen 

 localities out of 63 concerning which we possess statistics. How- 

 ever, in Patna, Hazaribagh, Pun', and Cuttack, it may reach 

 one-third -of the total out-turn, while it amounts to about one- 

 fourth or one-fifth in Santal Parganas, Bankura, and Midnapur. 

 Summer-rice is a very general crop throughout India. In one 

 locality, Nuddea, it yields two-thirds of the total amount grown ; 

 in Champaran, Birbhum, Dacca, and Faridpur, about one-third ; 

 and in many other localities, about one-fourth. 



The several rice-crops bear different names in different parts 

 of India ; in the present section we have generally employed 

 the terms used in Bengal, Boro for spring-rice, Aus for summer- 

 rice, Kartika for autumn or intermediate rice, and Aman for 

 winter-rice. 



Spring-rice is sown, according to locality, from September 

 to February, and reaped from March to June. Summer-rice 

 is sown from May to July, and reaped from September to 

 October. Autumn-rice is sown in Bengal from April to July, 

 and reaped from August to November ; in Jessur it is sown 

 in October and November, and reaped eleven months after. 

 Winter-rice is sown from March to August, and reaped from 

 November to January. Where one crop only of rice is grown 

 in the year it is usually sown from May to August, and reaped 

 from September to January. Where two crops are raised the 

 yield of grain from both crops is little larger than that from 

 one, but the straw of the crop gathered in the dry season, though 

 a wretched fodder, is used for cattle-food. The two chief varieties 

 of rice, winter and summer, are occasionally sown mixed together ; 

 sometimes with Panicum miliaceum and Phaseolus Mungo. Peas, 

 oil-seeds, barley, etc., are also largely sown over the nearly 

 ripe crop, which, however, is cut before they appear above 

 ground. 



With regard to the several rice-crops, Mr. G. Watt says : 

 " A proprietor of an estate, with a fairly mixed soil, might have 



