187o 



FROZEN CHIMNEY. 



179 



purpose of economising the heat. By introducing tall 

 upright funnels this annoyance was removed. The 

 moisture formed by the 

 meeting of the hot and 

 cold air inside the funnels 

 froze and gradually col- 

 lected sufficiently to lessen 

 the draught. At the 

 top of the funnels icicles 

 formed, blocking up the 

 apertures and hanging 

 down outside ; these if 

 permitted to increase, 

 would at last close the 

 funnel entirely. It was 

 difficult to remove the 

 ice that accumulated in- 

 side, except by allow- 

 ing it to melt naturally 

 and run out through the 



joints in the funnelling, where it was collected in buckets. 

 The greatest annoyance of all, and which has never 

 yet been completely avoided in Arctic ships, was the 

 moisture which collected on the beams of the mess- 

 deck, to such an extent as to necessitate their being fre- 

 quently sponged in order to prevent it dripping. The 

 immediate neighbourhood of the entrance hatchways 

 and the ' downtakes,' where the rush of cold outer 

 air caused vapour to form, were the dampest parts. 

 The steam from the coppers during cooking times also 

 added considerably to the evil. A thorough mode of 



ship is 



N 2 



FROZEN CHIMNEY. 



warming and ventilating the lower deck of a 



