54 SADDLE AND CAMP 



that their final subjugation was only accom- 

 plished by treacherous Indian scouts leading 

 soldiers to their retreats and through the de- 

 struction by the white men of the game upon 

 which they depended for sustenance. This is 

 the Apache point of view and their delusion. 

 Holding it, they have stouter hearts to meet 

 their changed manner of living, and it is well, 

 for a broken spirited people is a dead people 

 and an encumbrance. 



The Apache's summer hogan, or lodge, is 

 usually constructed of poles fixed in the ground, 

 the upper ends bent to the center and lashed to- 

 gether. This framework of poles is thatched 

 with branches and grass, or covered with canvas. 

 The fire is built in the center, after the fashion 

 general among Indians, and an opening at the 

 top where the poles are joined permits the smoke 

 to escape. In the winter, dugouts in banks make 

 more comfortable quarters. 



The Apaches are not handsome of face, 

 though muscular, alert, and well set up of body, 

 and as a rule they are exceedingly careless 

 about their personal appearance. They rarely 

 wear ornaments. In these respects they are 

 quite in contrast with their brothers, the Nava- 

 jos, farther north. When one sees Apache moc- 

 casins, for example, covered with beads, one 



