156 SADDLE AND CAMP 



pointed out to me his tunnel, run at grade a 

 little way into the mountainside, cutting a vein 

 of what appeared to be fine, clean coal. 



Like Levanger, a large proportion of the 

 Mormon settlers, not only in Long Valley but 

 throughout the Mormon country, are Scandi- 

 navians. Mormon proselyting among the Scan- 

 dinavians, and particularly the Danes, appears 

 most productive of results. Long Valley lies 

 at a high altitude, and the winters are severe, 

 with deep snows. This had led to the introduc- 

 tion of the ski by the Scandinavian settlers. 

 It is generally used in the region, not only as a 

 means of recreation, but as a necessity in winter 

 travel, and nearly every one is expert in its use. 



Near the head of Long Valley, where the 

 Rio Virgin has its rise in many springs and 

 brooklets, the timbered region begins, with 

 pine and spruce forests spreading away over the 

 hills. Here, at an altitude of seven thousand 

 feet, I found the ranch of Fred S. Seaman, and 

 where a spring of ice-cold water pours out of 

 the hillside, just below the ranch house and 

 looking down over long green meadows, I 

 made a bivouac, not troubling to pitch a tent, 

 for the weather was clear and fine. When my 

 coffee was made and bacon sizzling in the pan, 

 Mr. Seaman joined me for a chat, and as a 



