132 MATURITIES, YIELDS, AND MULTIPLICATION 



By other means than seeds 



Artichoke, globe ; by seeds, but many worthless plants may be secured ; by 

 suckers about the crown of the old plant, if particular strains are to be per- 

 petuated. 



Artichoke, Jerusalem ; by tubers, or divisions of the tubers. 



Horseradish, cuttings of side roots. 



Mushroom, by spawn (or dried and prepared mycelium) ; latterly also by 

 spores. 



Onion, the "black seed" or usual onions, by seed ; potato or Egyptian onions, 

 by "tops" or bulblets borne in the place of flowers ; multipliers, by the natu- 

 ral divisions of the bulbs. Onion "sets" are small dry onions that renew 

 their growth when planted. 



Potato, cuttings of the tubers. 



Rhubarb, or pie-plant ; by seeds, but these give variable progeny ; preferably 

 by division of the roots into strong eyes. 



Sea-kale ; by seeds, but better by root-cuttings from the best plants. 



Yam, Chinese. Bulblets from the axils of the leaves ; division of the root. 



How farm crops are propagated 

 By seeds 



Alfalfa Peanut 



Barley Pumpkin and Squash 



Bean Rape 



Broom-corn Rice 



Buckwheat Root-crops 



Cabbage Rubber, Para (Hevea), seeds in 



Clover nursery beds. 



Coffee, seeds started in beds, and trans- Rubber, Panama (Castilloa), 



planted. seeds in nursery beds. 



Corn Rubber, Ceara (Manihot), seeds 

 Cotton and cuttings. 



Cowpea Rye 



Flax Sorghum 



Ginseng Sugar-beet 



Grasses Tea, in nursery beds 



Hemp Teasel 



Kafir Tobacco 



Millet Vetch 



Oats Wheat 



By other parts than seeds 



Arrow-root, division of underground parts. 



Cassava, mostly by cuttings of the seed-canes, as for sugar-cane ; early va- 

 rieties sometimes by seeds. 



Hop, cuttings of the underground stems or "roots." 



Potato, cuttings of the underground stems or tubers. 



Sugar-cane, cuttings of the canes ; rarely by seeds for production of new va- 

 rieties. 



Sweet-potato, sprouts from the potatoes, in seed-beds. 



